Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna Essay

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna - Essay Example The rough parts of the background also prove the painting’s current condition. The painting shows the picture of the Virgin holding her child (Christ). The virgin is adorned in black clothing while the child has brighter clothing. The Virgin's face and the inner parts of the clothing are also bright. The edges of the clothing also contrast sharply with the outer black part since they have been painted with a golden thin line. All these parts of the virgin and the child have been set on a golden background, which is somehow rough. The roughness in the background is slightly because of the rough patterns especially the ones on the ends of the painting just beneath the frame. On the virgin’s head is a halo. The virgin seems to be in a seated posture and the child is on her lap. She is also keenly looking at her child whose gaze is also directed towards the mother. The child’s hand also seems extended towards the mother’s veil as it pushes this part of her clothing probably with an aim of getting a better glimpse. One of the notable elements of the painting is the gaze between the mother and the child, which is mostly used to represent the future of a child, which would be full of pain and tribulations. The same future is also depicted by the luminous parts of the Virgin's garments. As seen earlier, the outer part of the mother’s garment is somehow dull. However, the inner parts of her garments are luminous, which is also used to represent the discussed element of the child’s future. The halo on the Virgin's head is probably used to depict her holiness. In addition, the mother ways of holding the child also depict the child’s humanism though she is of a godly descent. The painting is among the artworks in the Byzantine period, which were mainly influenced by biblical stories.  

The Baptist Faith Essay Example for Free

The Baptist Faith Essay Many Baptist can trace their origins to the early church, a period when churches consisted of committed worshippers who were baptized upon confession of faith as adults. Their beginnings have also been traced to medieval sects who protested against baptismal theory and practice. However, the Baptist faith is most commonly traced back to John Smyth and the Separatists who started the General Baptist Church in 1609. (McBeth) Baptist Churches did not start developing in the American colonies until mid-17th century. However, like any other religion they have their own uniqueness and pros and cons. There are several different factors that make the Baptist religion stand out from other religions. One of the main ones is the method of baptism. Some other churches baptize as infants, but the Baptist Church believe in believer’s baptism (McBeth). A believer’s baptism is an ordinance performed after a person professes Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, and it is symbolic of the cleansing of remission of their sins. This usually consists of lowering the candidate in water backwards, while the pastor recites the Trinitarian formula of Mathew 28:19. King James Version) Another unique factor in the formation of the Baptist Church is that with separation of church and state, early Baptists played an important role in the struggle for religious freedom. In fact, many early Baptist were imprisoned and even died for their faith. One of the important figures in this struggle was John Smyth, a former Anglican priest. He taught that true worship should be from the heart rather than reading a liturgy (McBeth). The Baptist Church still holds this view today. Believe it or not, some Baptists still have their own opinions on the reasons why Christ died for all the people or not. With so many religions out there, it is up to the individual to choose their beliefs. The Baptist religion has a rich history and its own unique set of beliefs and teachings. Some of these beliefs may be seen as positive, while others may be seen as negative. It is up to an individual to research, study and pray about which religion is right. There is only one that will fill the heart.

Skakespeare and his style of writing Essay -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s plays are a product of the Elizabethan theatrical context in which they were first performed. A lot of pressure was put on Shakespeare as he wrote his plays because he was not allowed to upset the royal family. His style would have been different than others in those times and a lot more thought has gone into his writing than people listening would think. Usually, the audience take for granted the cleverness and thought of Shakespeare’s writing, however, now we have studied and gone into great detail about Shakespeare’s writing, we can appreciate it more than they did: The Globe Theatre was where Shakespeare had most of his plays performed. It had many decorations to make it look appealing and to try and to make it seem expensive and luxurious. The Globe Theatre was built in just 6 months between 1597 and 1598 just outside central London. The Thames River separated it from St Paul’s cathedral. The Globe was made in a round circular shape. This meant that at least one actor would have their back to the audience, however, this would not have mattered because the audience came mainly to hear the play – not to see it. When you were buying a seat for the theatre, the most expensive seats would not be the ones with the best view, they would be the closest ones in order to hear better. Also, these seats would be facing towards the audience, which means that everyone would see them, meaning fame. The Globe would usually be packed with decorations and ornaments. These would have nothing to do with the play, it was used to make the theatre look more attractive/expensive. Lots of people would come to see the plays. They would do this because Shakespeare’s plays were not published at that time so the public would want to see it... ...re can’t stop, Lodovico says â€Å"What, not to pray?† (Really important to pray because religion is coming back). Then Cassio says â€Å"Most heathenish† (outside of religion now, oh no!) Examples of bringing back power in Act Five Scene Two are: Montano says, â€Å"Come guard the door without, let him not pass† showing that now he is in charge. Then Lodovico says â€Å"And Cassio rules in Cyprus.† telling everyone in other words that he has authority and he is in charge. Royalty always has to come back and take over otherwise the royals in real life could get offended. We can now see the relation between the ending of Hamlet, and the ending of Othello. They both end with royalty coming back into power and everything returns back to the way it should be. This is how Shakespeare’s plays are a product of the Elizabethan theatrical context in which they were first performed.

Essay examples --

Name: Deniz CALIK Section: PLSC 382R-01 Professor: Gregory Robinson Date: 12/16/13 How National Socialist Ideology Affected the World? When Germany was defeated in World War I, German emperor Wilhelm II left the throne and the new republic was founded which is called Weimar Republic. Germany passed from monarchy to republic however the problems were not vanished. That is when the National Socialism first appeared. There was unemployment, poverty and inflation and the national socialists claimed that the democratic institutions, communists and incapable politicians were to blame. These national socialists established a political party called Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party). Their leader was Adolf Hitler. They were anti-capitalist, anti-Marxist, ethnic nationalist, extremely rightist, racist. In politics they were extremely nationalist and in economics they were socialists. The members of the party wore soldier uniforms and behaved as if they were soldiers. By placing their socialist ideology forefront, they became the most and the only power in Germany officia lly. As the time flew, they caused one of the most bloody and brutal wars in history. The Great Depression had also affected Germany. The existing problems came to foreground more than ever. Hitler was seen as a solution for the existing problems according to the general opinion. Thus, the president Paul von Hindenburg assigned Adolf Hitler as the prime minister in 1933. A few months later, in 5 March 1933 the National Socialist German Workers Party polled the 43.9 % of the votes and guaranteed its position as the only party in power. National Socialist principals and its ideas supp... ...Germany but affected whole world, changed political and social structure. In Germany, it created hostility towards Jews and other people who are non-Aryan. Nazi party members killed a lot of people in order to create an Aryan race. They have made various experiments on them, forced them to work until they die, made them live in inhuman conditions and exposed them to numerous other kinds of tortures. National Socialists were deeply committed to the ideology that they could murdered numerous of innocent people without a second thought and accepted the thoughts and orders of their leader blindfold. If National Socialist ideology`s consequence were not that serious, human rights issue would not gain so much importance globally. World War II can be the best and obvious example of how an ideology can conquer mass amounts of people’s minds and reshape the world deeply. Essay examples -- Name: Deniz CALIK Section: PLSC 382R-01 Professor: Gregory Robinson Date: 12/16/13 How National Socialist Ideology Affected the World? When Germany was defeated in World War I, German emperor Wilhelm II left the throne and the new republic was founded which is called Weimar Republic. Germany passed from monarchy to republic however the problems were not vanished. That is when the National Socialism first appeared. There was unemployment, poverty and inflation and the national socialists claimed that the democratic institutions, communists and incapable politicians were to blame. These national socialists established a political party called Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party). Their leader was Adolf Hitler. They were anti-capitalist, anti-Marxist, ethnic nationalist, extremely rightist, racist. In politics they were extremely nationalist and in economics they were socialists. The members of the party wore soldier uniforms and behaved as if they were soldiers. By placing their socialist ideology forefront, they became the most and the only power in Germany officia lly. As the time flew, they caused one of the most bloody and brutal wars in history. The Great Depression had also affected Germany. The existing problems came to foreground more than ever. Hitler was seen as a solution for the existing problems according to the general opinion. Thus, the president Paul von Hindenburg assigned Adolf Hitler as the prime minister in 1933. A few months later, in 5 March 1933 the National Socialist German Workers Party polled the 43.9 % of the votes and guaranteed its position as the only party in power. National Socialist principals and its ideas supp... ...Germany but affected whole world, changed political and social structure. In Germany, it created hostility towards Jews and other people who are non-Aryan. Nazi party members killed a lot of people in order to create an Aryan race. They have made various experiments on them, forced them to work until they die, made them live in inhuman conditions and exposed them to numerous other kinds of tortures. National Socialists were deeply committed to the ideology that they could murdered numerous of innocent people without a second thought and accepted the thoughts and orders of their leader blindfold. If National Socialist ideology`s consequence were not that serious, human rights issue would not gain so much importance globally. World War II can be the best and obvious example of how an ideology can conquer mass amounts of people’s minds and reshape the world deeply.

Analysis of Mail on Sunday Article on Tourism Essay

Just by looking at the titles given by ‘the mail on sunday’ and the shelter advertisment, a lot can be told. â€Å"Is he keeping the tourists away.† This title from ‘the mail on sunday’ almost instantly puts negative views on the person named ‘he’. This title is very effective in the way that ‘he’ is used instead of ‘she’ or ‘they’. ‘He’ is used because men are a stronger then women and so people feel more uncomfortable when ‘he’ is used. The title is also effective in the way that it gives the basic backround of the subject. By giving a small bit of information the reader wants to read on and find out all the facts. â€Å"The five faces of homelessness.† The title from the shelter advertisment is clever in many ways. The title is cleverly linked to the pictures at the bottom of the page which are pictures of five homeless peoples faces. This advertisment aswell as the Mail on sunday article feeds potential readers a bit of information which makes them want to read on which is what a titles job is. Looking at the language produced by the two articles a lot can be told. The mail on sunday article is written in an informal manner which is effective in the way that it provides a good use of emotive words and phrases. In this article all of the emotive words are used as a weapon against the homeless people. An example of this is when the article uses words like ‘dossers’ and ‘beggars’ or more effectively ‘unwanted deterant’. The emotive words alone give vital information. Effective phrases like ‘army of scroungers’, ‘hordes of beggars’, ‘traditional begging grounds’ and ‘proffetional beggars’ give the reader the impression that the homeless beg in large proffessional groups that are organized like an army. Also expressions like ‘frightening women and older people’ illistrate that the homeless are clever and threatening. The article aso tries to give the impression that the homele ss are a desease by using phrases like ‘a new plague’ or even by using long discrptive sentances : â€Å"Littered with used condoms, broken bottles, larger cans, syringes and human excrement.† This emotive sentance is yet another example of the article suggesting that the homeless bring desease. The words ‘condoms’ and ‘syringes’ direct the reader to thinking about aids. Throughout the article emotive words are used to describe the homeless but are also used to describe towns and cities. â€Å"Regency splendour of Brighton,† â€Å"The network of medievel streets,† â€Å"Magnificent abbey,† â€Å"Historic heart of London† These quotations are full of poetic words which describe tourist attraction cities such as London or Bath. Poetic words are used so that the reader can compare the so called ‘beautiful cities with so called ‘dossers’ or ‘beggars’. This succeeds because it helps the reader to picture a beautiful city and then think of the homeless ‘trashing’ it. Throughout the article the word Britain is used more then six times. This is effective because it is patriotic towards Britain in the way that it tells the reader that it is their country at stake. The use of quotations in the mail on sunday article plays a big part in the effectiveness of the article by backing up the articles statements with facts. One example of this would be when the reporter says about the beggars targeting visitors and foreigners. Later on in the article this is backed up by a quotation from a homeless man: â€Å"The foreigners are the best catch.† In the shelter advertisment the emotive words are used in defence of the homeless. â€Å"My mother’kicked’ me out,† â€Å"My landlord ‘threw’ me out.† These quotations are examples of how emotive words are used to make the reader sympathetic towards the homeless. In this advertisment emotive words are used to tell the reader that most homeless people do not choose to be homeless. The words used in this advertisment are extreamly powerfull and are sometimes repeated because of this. â€Å"Racial harrassment,† â€Å"Sexually abused,† â€Å"physicly abused,† All of these phrases are very simular and are very powerfull. The use of quotations in the shelter advertisment is scarce but effective. In this advertisment quotations are used cleverly by putting captions next to pictures of homeless people. One example is with the picture of the face woman on the phone. â€Å"For three years i was sexually abused by my brother. My parents didn’t believe me, so i left to get away from it.† This is effective because it shows that homeless people are real and that they can not help being homeless. In an article the layout is one of the key factors of success. In the mail on sunday article the layout is outstanding and a lot can be learned from it. The most effective example of clever layout in the mail on sunday article is the big picture of the homeless man surrounded by small pictures of beautiful tourist monuments.The picture of the homeless man is clever because you can not see his face because it is covered by his hair. This is effective because not being able to see his face takes all things that are humane out of him and makes the reader see him as an animal.This is also effective because the picture of the homeless man fits the discription given by the reporter. â€Å"Crackdown on these ugly gangs, with their torn and filthy t shirts, matted hair and pitful stories.† The most clever and effective thing of all is the way that the big picture of the homeless man seems to be pushing away the small pictures of the beautiful monuments. This symbolises the point that the reporter is trieing to make which is that the homeless people are destroying Britains heritage. Another clever piece of layout is where the really important and effective information is enlarged and put in bold. The bold font draws the readers eyes towards the information which makes sure that the most important piece of information is read. â€Å"Beggars making à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 a day who threaten Britains visitors- and a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25bn industry!† The layout of the shelter advertisment aswell as the mail on sunday article is very clever and effective. Aswell as the mail on sunday article the shelter advertisment uses bold writing and enlarged font when expressing an important point: â€Å"Homes cost less than homelessness!† In this advertisment the important points are also put in a box which draws the readers eyes. As said before the editor very cleverly put faces of homeless people with captions next to them proving that most of the homeless are no different to any body else. The most effective layout in this advertisment is where anti homeless statements are written in bold and then underneath statements that counter attack the anti homeless statements: â€Å"Squatters are vandals.† â€Å"Very few squatters damage their squats†¦etc This is clever because it has an answer to attack any anti homeless statement and so the readers views on homeless people change.

Solubility Product From Solubility Example Problem

Solubility Product From Solubility Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to determine the solubility product of an ionic solid in water from a substances solubility. Problem The solubility of silver chloride, AgCl, is 1.26 x 10-5 M at 25 Â °C.The solubility of barium fluoride, BaF2, is 3.15 x 10-3 M at 25 Â °C.Calculate the solubility product, Ksp, of both compounds. Solution The key to solving solubility problems is to properly set up your dissociation reactions and define solubility. AgCl The dissociation reaction of AgCl in water isAgCl (s) ↔ Ag (aq) Cl- (aq)For this reaction, each mole of AgCl that dissolves produces 1 mole of both Ag and Cl-. The solubility would then equal the concentration of either the Ag or Cl ions.solubility [Ag] [Cl-]1.26 x 10-5 M [Ag] [Cl-]Ksp [Ag][Cl-]Ksp (1.26 x 10-5)(1.26 x 10-5)Ksp 1.6 x 10-10 BaF2 The dissociation reaction of BaF2 in water isBaF2 (s) ↔ Ba (aq) 2 F- (aq)This reaction shows that for every mole of BaF2 that dissolves, 1 mole of Ba and 2 moles of F- are formed. The solubility is equal to the concentration of the Ba ions in solution.solubility [Ba] 7.94 x 10-3 M[F-] 2 [Ba]Ksp [Ba][F-]2Ksp ([Ba])(2 [Ba])2Ksp 4[Ba]3Ksp 4(7.94 x 10-3 M)3Ksp 4(5 x 10-7)Ksp 2 x 10-6 Answer The solubility product of AgCl is 1.6 x 10-10.The solubility product of BaF2 is 2 x 10-6.

Looking At The Definition Of Public Private Partnership Social Work Essay Essays

Looking At The Definition Of Public Private Partnership Social Work Essay Essays Looking At The Definition Of Public Private Partnership Social Work Essay Essay Looking At The Definition Of Public Private Partnership Social Work Essay Essay Public Private Partnership is known worldwide as an of import beginning of spurring clannish assets in stock edifice and bettering public service bringing. As we move on with this concern, it gets of import to look into aims for PPP in visit to understand the hazards and responsibilities the authorities would hit to follow in visit to do PPPs growing. The pros and cons of PPPs have been much discussed among policy-makers for many old ages, with the pros by and large winning the argument as a turning figure of once-nationalized industries in many states have been privatized. Increased involvement in PPP may be due to a assortment of factors. The moving ridge of denationalization and deregulating attempts in other sectors of the economic system have led persons to look for extra countries where such reforms may be applied. A public argument about low quality in some publicly-provided services ( such as public instruction or public assistance services ) has led some to see in private provided services as a possible option. Finally, the strong current concern with cost control in public budgets has led policy-makers to look for possible budget nest eggs ; it has been scrutinized for ways to supply greater efficiency. Whole-of-life costing: Through whole of life bing the authorities can accomplish optimisation between capital costs and operating and care costs, a realistic projection of sum spending of ownership, and a artifact of comparing viing designs on a like-with-like footing Invention: Supplying wider inducements for original solutions to help bringing Asset use: Developing chances to bring forth income from use of the plus by 3rd parties, which may cut down the spending that the civil order would otherwise hold to pay as a exclusive user with the results that that PPPs can present. DECEPTIVE RESONS FOR PURSUING PPP The chief delusory ground why some authoritiess prosecute PPPs is to entree finance that would otherwise non be available. Accessing finance would non be accomplishable ultimate by presenting a PPP. If an substructure beginning is non assured that, between user fees and authorities subsidies, it module be able to retrieve its costs, the authorities would unable to raise the top needed fund to construct the undertaking. The authorities faculty will non able to pull clannish finance merely by make up ones minding to make PPP, cost recovery would necessitate to be resolute before capital can be raised. PPP AND PAKISTAN Most people who have live in the Pakistan think of province proviso when they think of public services. Consequently, when they think of public services being removed from province proviso they think of denationalization likely with the engagement of multi-national capital. However, for those who lived in from the period of the Industrial Revolution until the Second World war, and for million of people across the universe who have lived since the war and up to the present twenty-four hours, the proviso of services is non entirely a affair for the province ; it is a affair for the populace. For people non populating within our narrow cultural restraints, bringing of services is provided through co-operatives and mutuals. The democratic nature of co-operative constructions gives people direct power over service bringing. The province, whether cardinal or local, acts as a surety of peoples rights to services. The province must ever be prepared to move as an enabler but should merely be a supplier in the last resort. Given our cognition of this better manner, we must go on to prosecute, non from any sense of ideological high quality, but because we know that this better manner is more economically efficient and will supply better service bringing which meets people demands better than current proviso. It is deserving admiting that there is some co-operative proviso in Pakistan, for illustration there are a figure of lodging cooperatives. It is every bit deserving admiting that there is a wider tierce sector which contains assorted societal endeavors, charities and lodging associations. Some of these are in a grant funded agreement with the province while others take a more trading attack to procurance. Co-operative solutions, peculiarly when they are worker-led, necessitate the support of trade brotherhoods. It is of import to acquire the message across that co-operation is non denationalization. Since trade brotherhoods are at that place to protect their members, possibly co-operation should be promoted as a construction which can assist protect their members. There is a demand to do co-operative working the preferable option for workers in the service sector. Local Government Local authorities has played a prima function in Pakistan s communities for many old ages and continues to hold a cardinal function to play. Support for co-operative values is non new to local authorities. Regional councils in peculiar funded and supported co-operative development. Pakistan s local governments have an of import function to play in back uping co-operative concerns working in partnership with co-operative and common endeavors. Local Governments need to be spouses in developing common solutions with communities. Pakistan s local governments should work in partnership with co-operative endeavors to better societal services, develop anti-poverty schemes and to supply environmental justness for communities. Procurement constabularies designed to accomplish societal purposes and maximise the benefits for local communities will ever help successful co-operative endeavors. We should dispute the fear civilization and encourage best pattern. Procurement statute law demands to be looked at and all local services should be considered for cooperative options. Traveling to a co-operative theoretical account of service bringing would necessitate a complete reappraisal of departmental constructions within the local governments bing political model. We need to set in topographic point now the support mechanism to underpin co-operative service development. There is widespread recognition that the manner local governments deliver public services is altering. Privatization is go oning but co-operative solutions can set people in ownership and control and enhance democracy. We should be pro-active in looking for services which are due to be externalized and have a co-operative theoretical account ready to advance. Public services should be delivered harmonizing to demand and any net income should be paid back into the community. We need to develop across local authorities, through instruction, a cognition base of councilors and policy shapers across all parties together with officers with expertness ready to defend the co-op theoretical account. Planing Planning is an issue that cuts across policy countries. We should see this as an chance to develop a co-operative attack to some of the greatest challenges in 21st century Pakistan. Planning, above all else, is about co-ordination of proviso and co-operative theoretical accounts, peculiarly secondary co-operative theoretical accounts, provide an ideal solution in this context. There are clear chances to develop co-op theoretical accounts to run into the demands of society to organize its attack to service bringing. For illustration, an industrial and provident society theoretical account could be used to make separate legal entities which would be responsible for associating up the shared duties of the Health Service and local authorities and be democratically accountable to the communities they serve. This means widening co-operation beyond co-operation with a little degree Celsius to making constructions which are to the full accountable. It is of import that co-operators take an active engagement in local planning and utilize it to prosecute with community groups. As a Movement which is to a great extent involved in retail and belongings, we are good placed to supply socially responsible solutions to the job of town Centre development in Pakistan. The co-operative theoretical account would supply an ideal construction for town Centre partnerships. Not merely co-operation with a little degree Celsius between those involved in back uping town Centre development but existent concern theoretical accounts which could be used to develop town centres in a manner that communities would desire. We should seek to set up a consensus that co-operation is the default place. When be aftering new developments it is of import to include drama countries, community stores and centres where appropriate. Co-ops should seek to take advantage of community benefit clauses. The community benefit facet should be seen as a manner to develop new co-op concerns. Health As co-operators, we view healthcare much in the same manner we see every issue that confronts people, their households and communities we believe that power should lie with the people. Communities have to take duty for wellness proviso and we believe co-operative and common theoretical accounts of healthcare supply them with the best chance to make this. The extremely affectional runs which have arisen from proposals to re-design the bringing of ague and specializer services underlines the importance placed on the NHS by communities and the sensitiveness with which politicians need to cover with the issue of wellness. The co-operative theoretical account could be applied to infirmaries. With the aging population, societal attention was highlighted is the type of service where the lovingness, sharing Co-op theoretical account should be an obvious option. We believe that co-operative theoretical accounts would bring forth greater integrating and would propose that the grounds of co-operative healthcare proviso overseas supports this contention. A cardinal challenge for the proviso of wellness services is to link them with people the users, employees, patients and the wider community. It is indispensable to breed a type of ownership that enables stakeholders to experience that these services are run on their behalf and non for person else s vested involvements. We must turn to the issue of elections to Health Boards which would make an component of community engagement and answerability in wellness bringing. Consideration should be given to the progressively ambitious topic of attention proviso in Pakistan. This is an country which requires partnership between the NHS and local authorities. It is besides an country which may hold important possible for co-operative development and is an country being prioritized by Co-operative Development Pakistan. We require action on pharmaceutics bringing and occupational wellness looking at co-operative instead than private solutions. Education Public services are more concerned about the bringing of instruction as a service instead than curricular issues. However, it is deserving stating that the issues of educational constructions and course of study are connected. The Co-operative Movement has an first-class record in instruction. When, in the past, co-operatives have delivered instruction, bringing and content have supported each other. We hope that development sing co-operative schools will take to a return to this nexus. The work being done at nowadays in Pakistan is to be extremely commended and we hope this will accomplish its aim of conveying co-operative thoughts to every school in Pakistan. However, there is a long manner to travel. Co-operation offers solutions to many of the challenges of public service proviso but co-operative solutions have been ignored because civil retainers and politicians have no background cognition in co-operation. Schooling system, about without exclusion, wholly ignores co-ops concern theoretical accounts. Most instructors are still incognizant of cooperatives and therefore the ignorance perpetuates itself. We recognize that instruction sits rather steadfastly within local authorities and that most people in Pakistan would wish it to stay so. However, we would reason that in the longer term it is non merely the course of study which should go co-operative but besides the constructions. We need to go on to discourse how we can farther develop co-operative instruction in schools and to develop the ownership of the course of study so that it is owned and managed by the communities it serves. We should collate and construct on best pattern already in schools, such as the the work of brotherhoods, conveying new nest eggs theoretical accounts into schools. It is indispensable to advance the co-operative theoretical account at school degree and every bit of import to prosecute with the curricular drivers in Pakistan such as Learning and Teaching Pakistan. PPP attacks should non be seen as a charming slug and may be best suited to specific fortunes. As in all instances of public procurance, corruptness remains a hazard that must be carefully managed. As PPP undertakings are comparatively new, deficiency of acquaintance with the processs may open up new corruptness hazards. On the other manus, greater accent on the bringing and measuring of results in PPP procurance may present greater degrees of transparence and answerability. The chief advantages and disadvantages of PPP are summarized below: Decision Palatopharyngoplasties have a batch to offer to the national economic system as it constitutes a public A ; private sector coaction. This allows for a balance between the public and private sector leting all parties to hold an equal part of the Public-Private Partnership pie. With public private partnerships, the Government seeks to tackle the invention and subjects of the private sector, by presenting private sector investors who put their ain capital at hazard. This is achieved either by presenting private sector ownership into a state-owned plus or concern, or by contractual agreements in which the private sector bears the fiscal hazard involved in presenting a peculiar service or other signifier of specified end product. If the concern or service supplier operates in a competitory market, market subjects will supply an inducement to maximise quality of service. If such subjects do non be, and can non easy be introduced, quality criterions can be enforced through ordinance or by public presentation demands in the contract with the populace sector. By tackling private sector subjects in this manner, PPPs can assist to better value for money, so enabling the Government to supply more public services and to a higher criterion within the resources available.

Free Essays on Henry V

Henry V Throughout the movie Henry V accurate portrayals of the age, speech, and clothing of the time are displayed. The movie depicts Henry V’s rise to the throne and part in the Hundred Years War with vague accuracy, but gets the important points across. However, the movie generalizes some events and creates some scenes for dramatic effect. While on a large scale the movie is historically accurate it strays from the truth several times to entertain its audience. Henry V stumbles past Henry’s rather interesting childhood and enters into the main plot of his life very quickly, leaving much to be told of the events omitted by Shakespeare. Henry was most likely brought up by his uncle Henry Beaufort. Henry was a very accomplished individual from a young age, and leaving out details from his childhood is counterproductive to the building of his character which the desires. Henry was a soldier beginning in his teenage years. At a mere fourteen years he was a member of the Welsh forces who fought against Owen Glendower, who was leading a rebellion against Henry’s father, Henry IV (Owen) . After only two years of service he commanded his father’s forces in the battle of Shrewsbury, in which he was wounded (Britannia / Columbia) . These significant events show that Henry was quite an able king and also a very soldierly person. The movie illustrates Henry’s ability as an orator in the first scene, in which a French messenger is shown sending a gift from his master. The gift is in exchange for peace and Henry not seeking his interests in annexing lands in France that England had previously held. The messenger states that his master wishes to trade a â€Å"ton of treasure†, which turns out to be a box of tennis balls. Henry is furious and quickly launches into a masterful speech in which he condemns the master’s action, saying that he will have quite a match with France when he enters the country, an... Free Essays on Henry V Free Essays on Henry V Henry V Throughout the movie Henry V accurate portrayals of the age, speech, and clothing of the time are displayed. The movie depicts Henry V’s rise to the throne and part in the Hundred Years War with vague accuracy, but gets the important points across. However, the movie generalizes some events and creates some scenes for dramatic effect. While on a large scale the movie is historically accurate it strays from the truth several times to entertain its audience. Henry V stumbles past Henry’s rather interesting childhood and enters into the main plot of his life very quickly, leaving much to be told of the events omitted by Shakespeare. Henry was most likely brought up by his uncle Henry Beaufort. Henry was a very accomplished individual from a young age, and leaving out details from his childhood is counterproductive to the building of his character which the desires. Henry was a soldier beginning in his teenage years. At a mere fourteen years he was a member of the Welsh forces who fought against Owen Glendower, who was leading a rebellion against Henry’s father, Henry IV (Owen) . After only two years of service he commanded his father’s forces in the battle of Shrewsbury, in which he was wounded (Britannia / Columbia) . These significant events show that Henry was quite an able king and also a very soldierly person. The movie illustrates Henry’s ability as an orator in the first scene, in which a French messenger is shown sending a gift from his master. The gift is in exchange for peace and Henry not seeking his interests in annexing lands in France that England had previously held. The messenger states that his master wishes to trade a â€Å"ton of treasure†, which turns out to be a box of tennis balls. Henry is furious and quickly launches into a masterful speech in which he condemns the master’s action, saying that he will have quite a match with France when he enters the country, an...

The Case for Birth Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case for Birth Control - Essay Example The bulk of the discussion then delved into enumerating the reasons why parents were deemed justified not to bear children who they could not effectively support. In sum, Sanger (1924) actually noted nine (9) reasons why parents were signified, after a thoughtful discourse, not to have children. As closely evaluated, the reasons could actually be classified according to possession of health dilemmas, when children were born with manifested illnesses, economic and financial difficulties (inability to support), with defined prescribed periods for spacing, and with defined prescribed period after before and marriage. ... Likewise, Sanger (1924) contended that this would be made possible through awareness and understanding of responsible parenthood through birth control. Personal Opinion When one first saw the title, it was initially thought of that the subject matter to be discussed would focus mainly on birth control methods; or techniques that would assist married couples in planning effectively the number of children that the spouses could support and sustain. It therefore came to a bit of surprise that the majority of the points presented centered on rationalizing why parents should not have children. Not having children and birth control is actually not perceived as synonymous. A discussion on birth control already presumed that spouses have been aptly prepared on the child rearing and raising; meaning, that is has assumed that the spouses have met all the initial requirements for bearing and raising children: (1) they are emotionally, physically and mentally prepared; and (2) they have the capa city in terms of economic and financial resources to support and sustain an identified number of children, depending on their income level, health condition, and conformity to traditional values and beliefs. One perceived that the points that were discussed on the reasons why parents should not have children were also presented in haphazard or unstructured manner. The reasons could have been structured more effectively by categorizing them according to health reasons; economic or financial stability; age requirements or maturity level; spacing; and other factors, as deemed necessary. It is as seems that the author wrote these reasons in no particular

Parents and Their Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parents and Their Children - Essay Example Most parents do not seem to be concerned with the possible outcome of this problem within their families. Moreover, this problem is closely correlated with Judaism and Christianity which are considered as the world’s greatest religions. In most cases, sibling rivalry is attributed to hostility between siblings. This antagonism can be depicted in numerous methods, which are extremely dangerous. This shows that this conflict usually involves aggression; however, sibling rivalry is not related to sibling abuse. Sibling abuse is a situation whereby a child oppresses the other through unnoticeable techniques (Susan, 1992). According to psychologists, sibling rivalry can be defined as a form of competition that crops up among children in a home (Susan, 1992). This can also be referred to as enmity among children whether they are blood-related or not. In most cases, the rivalry arises from several factors that are contained either outside or within the family. Some of the factors include personality of the children, birth order, treatment of children by the parents and life experiences. This contention vastly affects children who are of the same gender or those who are born at a close range. As explained by most child psychologists, this issue is widespread and can involve belligerence among the children. In addition, the factors largely contribute to this conflict. For example, parental treatment is said to affect children, even in their teenage years. When these issues are not resolved, then the children might end up hurting each other or even killing their fellow siblings. Reports show that children of age 10-15 are those affected largely by sibling rivalry with the main issue being intellectuality. In prolonged situations, these jealousy issues can thrive to adulthood (Faber & Mazlish, 2012). This can negatively affect the whole family line.

Leadership in healthcare practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership in healthcare practice - Essay Example This essay Leadership in healthcare practice discusses that developing skills and determination for goal achievements must be a priority in career development. Leadership is a crucial aspect of healthcare practice that has a direct implication into planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and budgeting for both the human resources and other working aids within a health care delivery facility. It is important to acquire leadership skills in a nursing training course, as it forms a basis for enabling cooperation and collaboration with other health care personnel to improve health care quality. Analysis of leadership presented in this paper encompasses on a personal reflection on the person’s leadership abilities based on the five elements of leadership ie, vision, communication skills, change, stewardship, and developing and renewing followers. I believe I possess the best communication skills in relation to my peers. Growing up as a child, I came to learn of the importance of listening as a tool for the development of communication. I thus have a strength with my listening skills that enables me to acquire concrete information and ideas that can be effectively presented to others. However, being timid is my most weakness in relation to communication skills. In as much as I can maintain a concrete communication and presentation to a tiny audience, I find it cumbersome to speak to a large audience or a meeting and a forum, thus making me not to be as articulate as when talking to a small group.

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution Essay

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution - Essay Example They were staunch opponents of much moderate Girodins (also termed as "Brissotin" means loose partnership of republican politicians) who after losing power in 1793 were had to face the "reign of terror "instituted by Montagnards in form of 21 Girodins guillotined by ruling Montagnards and relief factor came to them in 1794 with the end of Montagnard regime. Jean Paul Marat is one out of various reasons which stirred the revolution including the ever-growing elite class, the heavy taxing and cruel feudal system, tyranny on the peasants and crop failure in France in 1788. But he owns central significance while being the leader of radical Montagnards alone. Marat had four occupations and he excelled in all. (1) Marat became a successful doctor in London after having obscure years in France. In 1770s he published many books on scientific and philosophical ideas and philosophies. "A philosophical essay on man (1773) "met huge success. While his political work included "a chain of slavery (1774)". On his return to France he was appointed as a physician to the personal guards of younger brother of the king. On witnessing the grave circumstances of his country he concluded the monarchy is the root of all evils in France and this thought, he later developed in to a movement leading to French revolution. He became editor of a newspaper L'Ami du Peuple (the friend of people) in 1789 and initiated his ruthless, relentless and sharp attacks on aristocracy, that included elite class , royal family and Politicians including king's finance minister . It was a voice of the suppressed class of France, the poor, and it gave them awareness as well as stabilized Marat's influential popularity. In 1790, he addressed his readers, "Five or six hundred heads cut off would have assured your repose, freedom, and happiness. A false humanity has held your arms and suspended your blows; because of this millions of your brothers will lose their lives" (2) The national assembly was shocked and scared now, it sentenced him a month in prison but Marat hided himself and carried on his campaign being behind the scene. Now, the inspirational leader and politician emerged in him. His role as political leader Marat as a delegate to national convention in 1790-91 supported graduated income tax, short term of military service, benefits and schemes for the poor etc publically but inwardly he hated to be a part of aristocracy, and solution to get rid of loathsome Aristocrats was a revolution and just a revolution not passing bills and resolutions. Firstly, he favored the execution of anti-revolutionaries. Secondly, since he was a revolutionary by mind, he supported extremism and radical group to get rid of Royal family and elite class, this movement was called Montagnard movement which in one year of their rule assassinated hundreds of thousands in reign of terror, later, "Girodins" were first target and were targeted severely. Thirdly, he advocated a temporary dictatorship which could deal with emergency in the country. One to one battle and Marat's climax In later two years he became very popular and enjoyed outrageous support by his fellow Persian Leader Georges Danton and Persian people not only in street

Healthcare and Health Policy in Spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare and Health Policy in Spain - Essay Example Second, public insurance coverage of the general population is over 99.5% where only few groups of independent professionals and immigrants under special conditions are not covered by law. Third, is how the healthcare system financed In Spain it is financed through general taxation. The National Health Service started in the 1940's wherein it is originally funded by social security, over the years they needed additional funding and this came from the general taxation. And now it is clear that 98% of the funding in Spanish healthcare comes from general taxation. The healthcare and health policy in UK is somewhat different from Spain. The comparison between the two countries is enumerated below. In the conclusion the writer will analyze the significance of having a good healthcare system and policy. In healthcare Spain is said to be much better as compared with UK. Spain has a public health system which provides free or low cost health care for those contributing to the Spanish social security system and their families. The system also caters for retirees and includes those from other EU countries. The country has an excellent system of private medicine and this exists comfortably alongside the State system with both operated so as to complement each other. The Spanish health care system is rated ninth in the World by the World Health Organisation - far above that of the UK's. In Spain there are two types of hospitals operating, one private and one operated by the state. The private hospital offers immediate treatment with patients being accommodated in single rooms. The state hospital offers the same convenience. Both hospitals pool resources to the benefit of private and state patient alike. Because of the comprehensive policies in Spain the health services for patient such as CT scan or laboratories are 40-70% cheaper than in UK. To equality among its citizens Spain has passed a law called law of quality and health cohesion. It means that by law the citizens have the right to enjoy the same health services including pharmaceuticals with the same conditions regarding social participation, accessibility, time, information, security and quality independently of where they live. And according to the ministry of health, this is their first great law of healthcare since the 21st century. In Spain there is a pharmaceutical policy that is now being introduced in UK. This has been existed in Spain for many years; it is one of approaching the local pharmacist for minor ills. Pharmacists have an excellent reputation for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment and are able to issue all but controlled drugs. In no time at all they'll have you feeling better. In Spain there are several ways to contact a doctor or have an appointment if you are sick. You can just text the word "Urgencias" to the telephone number 5013 and you will be informed of the waiting time before your appointment. This is very convenient especially for the elders. Another way to consult the doctor is thru the web. Healthcare system and

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution Essay

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution - Essay Example They were staunch opponents of much moderate Girodins (also termed as "Brissotin" means loose partnership of republican politicians) who after losing power in 1793 were had to face the "reign of terror "instituted by Montagnards in form of 21 Girodins guillotined by ruling Montagnards and relief factor came to them in 1794 with the end of Montagnard regime. Jean Paul Marat is one out of various reasons which stirred the revolution including the ever-growing elite class, the heavy taxing and cruel feudal system, tyranny on the peasants and crop failure in France in 1788. But he owns central significance while being the leader of radical Montagnards alone. Marat had four occupations and he excelled in all. (1) Marat became a successful doctor in London after having obscure years in France. In 1770s he published many books on scientific and philosophical ideas and philosophies. "A philosophical essay on man (1773) "met huge success. While his political work included "a chain of slavery (1774)". On his return to France he was appointed as a physician to the personal guards of younger brother of the king. On witnessing the grave circumstances of his country he concluded the monarchy is the root of all evils in France and this thought, he later developed in to a movement leading to French revolution. He became editor of a newspaper L'Ami du Peuple (the friend of people) in 1789 and initiated his ruthless, relentless and sharp attacks on aristocracy, that included elite class , royal family and Politicians including king's finance minister . It was a voice of the suppressed class of France, the poor, and it gave them awareness as well as stabilized Marat's influential popularity. In 1790, he addressed his readers, "Five or six hundred heads cut off would have assured your repose, freedom, and happiness. A false humanity has held your arms and suspended your blows; because of this millions of your brothers will lose their lives" (2) The national assembly was shocked and scared now, it sentenced him a month in prison but Marat hided himself and carried on his campaign being behind the scene. Now, the inspirational leader and politician emerged in him. His role as political leader Marat as a delegate to national convention in 1790-91 supported graduated income tax, short term of military service, benefits and schemes for the poor etc publically but inwardly he hated to be a part of aristocracy, and solution to get rid of loathsome Aristocrats was a revolution and just a revolution not passing bills and resolutions. Firstly, he favored the execution of anti-revolutionaries. Secondly, since he was a revolutionary by mind, he supported extremism and radical group to get rid of Royal family and elite class, this movement was called Montagnard movement which in one year of their rule assassinated hundreds of thousands in reign of terror, later, "Girodins" were first target and were targeted severely. Thirdly, he advocated a temporary dictatorship which could deal with emergency in the country. One to one battle and Marat's climax In later two years he became very popular and enjoyed outrageous support by his fellow Persian Leader Georges Danton and Persian people not only in street

Summary of chapter 8 - business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of chapter 8 - business ethics - Essay Example The contract provides the basic framework governing the reciprocal obligations between the employee and the firm. Underlying this reciprocal relationship are certain ethical issues: company loyalty and conflict of interest. a. Company loyalty is a long held concept. An employee is seen legally bound to be loyal to his/her employer, but extreme view argues that an employee-employer relationship, which is based on self-interest, does not qualify for loyalty, since loyalty is based on a relationship that warrants unconditional sacrifice: loyalty to loved ones or country. To view company loyalty as to safeguard and pursue the firm’s legitimate interest is morally acceptable, but not morally required. To other employees, company loyalty could be a consequence of group identification. b. Conflict of interest is another common problem confronted even by loyal employees, since basically employees and employers operate from different plane and perspective. This occurs when employees at any level have their own self-interest that collides with their job duties and as such could substantially provoke them to undermine their firm’s interest. Financial investments made by employees with the company’s suppliers, customers or distributors are one of the most common sources of conflict of interest. Many cases of this type had been brought to court and had been proven detrimental to the interest of the company. Companies have their own policy regarding this to define what is permissible and impermissible. Since such policy affects the financial well-being of all involved, this should be subjected to open and free negotiations making it acceptable to all. 2. Abuse of official position ranging from making subordinates take on tasks unrelated to the firm to the use of position for personal financial enhancement, privileges and advantage, always raises ethical questions, as this undermines employees’ obligations

Perceptions of African American Women Essay Example for Free

Perceptions of African American Women Essay It was amazing to know that Dr. Mae C. Jemison who happens to be the youngest of three children born to a middle class African American family, Charlie Jemison, a maintenance worker and his wife, Dorothy, a teacher. Dr. Mae C. Jemison was the first black woman astronaut to be in space in an era filled with segregation and racism, she is a Chemical engineer, scientist, physician, teacher and astronaut, she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, and medical research. In addition to her extensive background in science, she is well-versed in African and African-American Studies, speaks fluent Russian, Japanese, and Swahili, as well as English and is trained in dance and choreography. Dr. Mae C. Jamison was an inspiration to me, and probably to many African American women. She was full of resilience and determination especially to have reached and achieved success in an unusual field of endeavor for many African American women, I applaud her determination to make a difference among the African American women and blacks in Diaspora. After graduating from Morgan Park High School in 1973 at the age of 16, Dr. Mae Jemison earned a BS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, while also fulfilling the requirements for a BA in African-American Studies. After earning these degrees in 1977, she attended Cornell University and received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. During medical school she traveled to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, providing primary medical care to people living there. This is an indication of her humanitarian efforts and eagerness to reach out to the less privileged population. Having a desire to do more with her life, she enrolled in graduate classes in engineering and applied to NASA for admission to the astronaut program. She was turned down on her first application, maybe because she is a black woman, but she persevered and in 1987 was accepted on her second application. She became one of the fifteen candidates accepted from over 2,000 applicants. When Dr. Mae Jemison successfully completed her astronaut training program in August 1988, she became the fifth black astronaut and the first black female astronaut in NASA history. In completing her first space flight, Dr. Mae Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space, making her the first African-American woman in space. She says, â€Å"I had to learn very early not to limit myself due to others’ limited imaginations. I have learned these days never to limit anyone else due to my limited imagination. † This is an inspiration to other blacks in general who normally assume a second class citizen and believe that they will never do well or will be appreciated in whatever they do. This is a wake-up call, and manifestation of the saying â€Å"Determination is the mother of invention†. In 1993, Dr. Mae Jemison resigned from NASA and founded the Jemison Group, Inc. to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and economic context of the individual, especially for the developing world. Current projects include: Alpha, (TM) a satellite based telecommunication system to improve health care in West Africa; and The Earth We Share, (TM) an international science camp for students ages 12 to 16, that utilizes an experiential curriculum. Among her current projects are several that focus on improving healthcare in Africa. She is also a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College. Dr. Mae Jamison made a name for herself and name for blacks in general; Her entrepreneurial spirit put her in the limelight and acts as a boost to determined black men and women in Diaspora. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. It was quite surprising to read about Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, I know almost nothing about this â€Å"giant and queen of modern Africa† who is presently the current president of Liberia. According to what I have read so far about this â€Å"queen of Africa† she was born In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia on October 29, 1938. During this period, Liberians had no clue that the First female president of an African country had been born into their mist. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is a daughter to descendents of original colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social system of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendents are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians. From what I read, I noticed that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was truly an intellectual power house, a charismatic leader and destined to make a change in Liberia and contribute her quota in Africa. From 1948 to 1955 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she travelled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 1971 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf also served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73, but left after a disagreement over public spending, this is an indication of her prudence and will power. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberias one-party state became more polarized to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On 12 April 1980 Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a military coup. With the Peoples Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped choosing exile in Kenya. From 1983 to 1985 she served as Director of Citibank in Nairobi. I will say that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf had a lot of courage, because it was quite unusual for a woman to challenge a dictatorial incumbent president in Africa without being kidnapped, tortured or killed in the process, although She was later sentenced to ten years in prison. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the 1980s she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections, and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah. Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf eventually became Liberias first elected female president, as well as the first elected female president in the continent Africa. . In 2005 She established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with a mandate to promote national peace, security, unity and reconciliation by investigating more than 20 years of civil conflict in the country and in November 2007, she received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the U.

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay It is recognized fact that the complicated and serious environmental and social issues need strict and serious concerns of business and investment societies. Apart of the challenges this provides professionals a golden chance to contribute in solving these issues through their corporate social responsibility policies and make their business or brand well known. The following formal report shows how and why Corporate Social Responsibility is important in a business specially in hospitality industry and how big hotels implement their Corporate Social Responsibility policies in their organisations to achieve their goals and what did they get in result. Many groups of hotels such as Marriott, Lancaster and Apex are implicating different CSR policies, plans and strategies and having positive results. Approximately 275 Marriott hotels and buildings have changed in green hotels and have achieved Energy Star Label from the Environment Protection Agency. On the other hand Lancaster hotel which is holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award has its own green team who investigates and suggests the ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. Olympic 2012 games are going to be held in England, the following report includes how many extra visitors are going to visit UK. Some problems indicated which could be faced by hospitality industry and report includes some suggestions for these problems. Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing promise by organisation to act graciously and provide to the economic expansion while improving the quality of life of the employees and their families as well as of the local society(www.mallenbaker.net) According to Andriof and Mclntosh (2001) Corporate Social responsibility is that an organisation does has some flow-on effect either outside or inside the organisation, from employees and customers to communities and the environment. They argue that these impacts have ripple effect on society that can be divided into three categories. These are: Social Education, social issues and employee volunteering etc. Economic Jobs, product value and trading standards etc. Environment Emissions and waste control, energy use, product recycling and sustainability progress etc. IMPORTANCE OF CSR IN BUSINESS Now a days businesses specially hospitality industry is emphasizing on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in business. CSR is not only about doing good things, it also proposes business benefits and the best way to have attraction of media, publicity, respect in society and in its customers and customers not only want to go to respected business, they persist on it. This way on one side companies are doing good things to the community and customers and on the other hand increasing their business. These are some reasons organisations pay attention on their CSR policies and always try to improve them. BENEFITS OF CSR IN BUSINESS There are many benefits of CSR in business, some of them are Social Engagement with the local community and authorities Good reputation of business Globalization Economic If an organisation has good reputation it is easy to recruit people Less turnover because of good reputation can decrease cost of recruitment Workers are more productive Good publicity in media could be the cause of rise in profit Environmental Friendly and green environment Energy saving Waste control Recycling THE ROLE OF CSR IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The increasing pressure in the media, from government and customers for more actions on the environment is forcing increasing hospitality industry to implement new strategies, plans and environmentally friendly policies. Many hotels are adopting new technologies to reduce their wastes, recycling procedures and saving energy by acting on environment policy. For example. Lancaster hotel (holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award) has its own green team who calculate everything hotel is doing and advise ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Lancaster hotel is using energy saving bulbs in their rooms to save energy and when a guest comes in room they have a message on TV that how we are working with green environment and how you can help. They collect different wastes separately such as bottles, papers and cardboard which helps to recycle waste easily. By doing so they have saved 7000 pounds this year against their landfill cost (www.bighospitality.co.uk). According to the Paul Sault Apex Hotels group director of revenue and commercial strategy, the paybacks of the environment and waste policies are not only restricted to the cost, we have also developed encouraging relations with customers, suppliers and the local society. (http://www.hotel-industry.co.uk) On the smaller level, many hotels in the UK have already agreed to use beginning green actions such as, most of the hotels are using now card key switches for air conditioning and electricity, linen cards for sheets and reusing towels, making sure that energy bills are much reduced.( www.hotel-industry.co.uk) For helping local community and other communities Lancaster hotel has got almost half of its guests support. New strategies of the management was they added  £1 donation with every guests invoice and at the end hotel raised  £2,443. They donated this money for charity purposes. To boost the knowledge of the hotels green policies between staff, guests and suppliers hotel raised  £500 in another fund raising effort, and donated in the green project called Lets Go, Lets Grow (www.bighospitality.co.uk) On the other hand it is really hard to tell whether hotel is actually green or not. Marriott is trying hard to be in the front row of hotels for the attention of green travel in the world. By comparing itself with other brands such as Hilton and Wyndham Marriott set out many new steps, organisation can act on specifically in five key areas: water, waste, green building, supply chain, helping protect the rainforest and guest and employee engagement. One of the programs Marriott has launched is Green Your Stay in which they offer every guest who book with them $10 for minimum stay or $1 for each day for carbon produced during their stay. Another plan of Marriott to act on is green hotels and buildings. Approximately 275 hotels have already achieved Energy Star label from the Environment Protection Agency.( www.earthandindustry.com) RECYCLING CSR STRATEGY Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. By doing so McDonalds estimated that it can save per year 1,675 tons of carbon which is equal to removing 2,424 cars from the UK roads.( www.caterersearch.com) If all restaurants start following this procedure and send extra diesel to the fields for tractors they can help a lot to the environment to go green and can save thousands of tons of carbon every year. This procedure almost cost nothing if we compare to the benefits. Already many hotels and restaurants have started this recycling procedure and helping society and saving their cost for disposing the oil. Cost Recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel cost is almost nothing if we compare with benefits. For average restaurants Bio Diesel Processor is available only for  £315 in the UK and it can generate 160 liter oil per day with very little effort.(www.yorkshiregreenfuels.co.uk) Benefits This recycling procedure has many benefits such as, if restaurants start recycling cooking oil rather than disposing into the sewerage system they will help to decrease pollution from the environment. It will help to generate their own oil and will increase their profit They will not have to pay for their recycling oil Save energy and recourses Decrease of pollution HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY AND OLYMPIC 2012 GAMES What hospitality industry going to do for Olympic 2012 Games? UK going to be one of the busiest countries of the world in 2012 because of Olympic games. 500,000 extra visitors are expected 27,500 media and broadcasters 14,700 athletes will visit the UK and 18 million meals are expected to be served . These extra visitors are going to boost UK economy but is UK ready to take this challenge? The 2012 Olympic games give employers an exclusive chance for encouraging their personnel to volunteer and have concerned in maintaining sports and events in their communities. Chief executive of volunteering England, Justin Davis Smith says that I would urge to all employers to get involved in 2012 games by sustaining their staff in volunteering it will be a massive one off the national carnival. (www.volunteering.org.uk) As hundreds of thousands of visitors are coming to UK there will be a problem for their accommodation and hotels will need more staff for busy timings. So this plan for volunteering new staff could be helpful for their business. It will help them in many ways such as on one side it is good thing to do on other side it will help employees to develop their new skills and improve their motivation and mainly it can be helpful when economic atmosphere is miserable for some people and they are helping their local community by creating more volunteering vacancies. This is one of the good examples of corporate social responsibility for 2012 Olympic Games. (www.volunteering.org.uk) IS HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY READY FOR OLYMPIC 2012? SUGGESTIONS As mentioned above in 2012 Olympic Games 500,000 extra visitors are expected in the UK with 14,700 athletes and 27,500 from all over the world. The main problem will be accommodation for that number of visitors in one year. Some people prefer to stay in big luxurious hotels and some cannot afford to stay in that hotels and they stay in guest houses. There could be shortage of guest houses in the surrounding area of Olympic Village and it could be difficult in future. Big hotel organisations should invest and help small hotels and guest houses for that situation and they should open some new small hotels and guest houses in the surrounding areas. This will help hotel community to share their profit and deal with the busiest situation and that could be profitable for big hotels as well. By doing so they can earn profit as well as helping their community. As we know people are coming from different places of the world and they speak different languages, probably they will not be very good in English language. Hotels can play vital role in this situation by providing their guests travel books and other informative recourses in different languages. Big hotels also should higher some translators for that situation to assist their guests. In this case they will help society and their customers and they can attract more customers by providing these facilities. Another problem could be food problem, mentioned above 18 million meals are due to be served by FB. Big restaurants need to higher chefs from different origins who know how to make different kind of food according to different countries for their customers comfort. CONCLUSION Corporate Social Responsibility plays a key role in business. People are becoming more aware of the environmental issues and they prefer to be customers of eco-friendly businesses, therefore CSR has become a need for any business. Hotels are trying to be in the first row of the green travel in the world, for example, Marriott and other big groups of hotels such as Apex and Lancaster hotels are also implementing CSR policies in their organisations to be the part of green environment. This way they have increased their profits and helped to create eco-friendly environment. Hotels and restaurants need to adopt new CSR policies as McDonalds is recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel and driving its vehicles on this oil and Lancaster hotel is collecting donations and donating them in different charity organisations. England has won the tender of Olympic 2012 Games with CSR and now it is responsibility and challenge for big industries (hospitality industry) that how they implement their CSR policies in 2012 Games. Hospitality industry is going to face many challenges which are mentioned above such as, accommodation, different languages and variety of different meals and they need to prepare for these challenges.

Analysis of Internet Protocols and Infrastructure Essay -- Internet Te

Analysis of Internet Protocols and Infrastructure Introduction: Network: Anything reticulated or decussated at equal distances, with interstices between the intersections. - A Dictionary of the English Language SECTION : 1 1.1 WHAT IS A NETWORK? A) What is a network? A network is simply a collection of machines connected in some way that allows them to communicate with each other and share information. To do this the machines have to be connected in some way that allows communication, and have an agreed upon a language to talk when they do communicate. Components of a network might include individual hosts, some form of communications hardware, a network protocol and a collection of network services. B) Individual hosts A network is a collection of individual machines sometimes referred to as hosts. Each host (computer) must have some unique identifier that allows other hosts to talk to it. 1.2 COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK A) Network Protocol In order to communicate the parties must speak the same language. Languages on computer networks are referred to as network protocols. A network protocol is simply a set of rules and formats that govern how information is sent and in what format it is sent. Some of the different network protocols used today include TCP/IP (Internet and UNIX favourite), IPX (Novell), Appletalk (MAC), DECnet and various others. TCP/IP is quickly becoming the networking protocol and is the one I concentrate on in this subject. B) Network services To be of use to users the network will provide various services including file, print and device sharing, electronic mail etc. 1.3 TYPES OF NETWORKS A) Network categories  · LAN (local ... ...UNIX the routing table can be viewed using the netstat command. The route a packet follows can be viewed using the traceroute command. Routing tables are either created statically, or by the systems administrator configuring the system, using the startup or configuration fiels, to used a pre-defined, unchanging route.dynamically.  · There are protocols, part of TCP/IP, that will dynamically modify the routing table in response to events.  · Adding a host to the network requires obtaining, installing and configuring the necessary network hardware, gather the required information including IP address and hostname of the new host, the gateway and the name server, the network address and the subnet mask, modify the appropriate configuration and startup files with that information, make sure the new host has an entry in the domain name service, test the connection.

Police and Gratuities: The Slippery Slope Essay examples -- Ethics, L

Gratuity Something given voluntarily or beyond obligation usually for some service. (Dictionary, 2010) When does a cup of coffee become a gratuity for a police officer? What is acceptable and what is not acceptable? If a police officer takes a free cup of coffee or a half priced meal does that make him vulnerable to take more. Does that act make the officer a bad officer or a corrupt officer? Does the person giving the gratuity expect something in return or is it just a gesture for the work the officer is doing? Almost every police department has a policy on the acceptance of gifts and gratuities for the officers and the department. Some police departments allow no gifts or gratuities and some may have a policy that states as long as one person is not the recipient and it is available to the whole department then it is acceptable. How does a police department come up with a policy the does not create animosity toward the department from the public that wants to give to them for the services that they provide with no strings attached. You have some business that want to give money to a police department that needs to buy equipment for the officer on the street. Do you tell the business person that you can’t accept the money and that the officer will have to do the best that they can. No, I think when it comes to a safety issue and the gift is not for just one person the department will come out in the good end. Agencies can develop a gratuity policy by seeking the help of many officers and local business owners and by reviewing established policies in other jurisdictions. Such a policy should tie directly with modern law enforcement's strict code of ethics regarding financial gains or rewards. (Sewell, 2007) The slippery... ...cal issue? The caliber of officers that are coming out of the police academies these days are top notch and most police departments have the safe guards in place to keep officers from sliding down the slippery slope that would damage the confidence that the public has in the department. In the end gratuities, gifts and corruption will be a part of the police world as it has been from the beginning of the police community. It is incumbent upon the officers and the administration to keep the checks and balances in place so as not to damage the imagine of the police department and the city. Works Cited Dictionary, M.-W. O. (2010, June 16). Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ). Sewell, C. (2007, Apri). Gratuities. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 76(4) , pp. 8-12.

Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate Health And Social Care Essay

BPH is thought to be caused by aging and by long-run testosterone and dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) production, although their precise functions are non wholly clear. Histopathologic grounds of BPH is present in about 8 % of work forces in their 4th decennary and in 90 % of work forces by their 9th decennary. Loss of testosterone early in life prevents the development of BPH. The similarities in presentation, pathological scrutiny findings, and symptoms of BPH among indistinguishable twins suggest a familial influence. The mean prostatic weighs about 20 gms by the 3rd decennary and remains comparatively changeless in size and weight unless BPH develops. The typical patient with BPH has a prostate that averages 33 gms while merely 4 % of the male population of all time develops prostates of 100 gms or more.6Classic symptoms of BPH include a slow, intermittent, or weak urinary watercourse ; the esthesis of uncomplete vesica voidance ; dual elimination ( the demand to invalidate within a few seconds or proceedingss of urinating ) ; postvoid dribble ; urinary frequence ; and nycturias. Patients may besides show with ague or chronic urinary keeping, urinary piece of land infections, gross haematuria, nephritic inadequacy, vesica hurting, a tangible abdominal mass, or overflow incontinence.7Upon physical scrutiny, the vesica may be tangible during the abdominal scrutiny and the prostate may be enlarged during the digital rectal scrutiny. Symptoms are non needfully relative to the size of the prostate on digital rectal scrutiny or transrectal ultrasound findings.8The transurethral resection of the prostate is a well safe process, and has efficaciously replaced unfastened prostatectomy in bulk of cases.9Various clinical manifestations produced due to the soaking up of big measures of watering fluid during endourological processs are together called as TURP Syndrome, though the syndrome is characteristically described during Trans urethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) in up to 20 % of patients.10TURP syndrome is characterized by dyspnea, sickness, high blood pressure, increased cardinal venous force per unit area, intellectual hydrops, cardiogenic daze and nephritic failure.11Dilutional hyponatremia, H2O poisoning and ammonium hydroxide toxicities have been postulated as the cause of TURP syndrome. Acute hyponatremia with blood Na concentration below 115-120meqL could be potentially serious to patient.12 Therefore, after reexamining literature and dire demand, the present survey was conducted at private infirmary of Hyderabad. The current survey focused on the hyponatremia during transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . This survey provides the cognition, thought and protocols that have an of import function in the direction parametric quantities of patient undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Patients AND METHODS: This cross sectional type descriptive survey was conducted at a private apparatus ( infirmary ) , Hyderabad and at third attention infirmary attached with Ghulam Muhammad Maher Medical College Sindh, Pakistan from June 2009 to November 2009. All patients above 45-75 old ages of age present with history of urinary frequence, urgency, urgency incontinency, invalidating at dark, weak urinary watercourse, hesitance, intermittence, through out-of-door patient section ( OPD ) of the infirmary, were diagnosed as benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP were evaluated and enrolled in the survey. The item history of all such patients was taken ; complete clinical scrutiny and everyday probe were performed. An informed consent was taken from all patients holding benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP. All such patients were assessed for serum Na degree preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively by taking 3cc venous blood sample and send to research lab for analysis. The fluctuation in the value of serum Na degree was estimated harmonizing to their parametric quantities and mention scope i.e. 135 mmol/L – 145 mmol/L ( normal ) , whereas the value & lt ; 135 mmol/L and & gt ; 145 mmol/L was considered as disturbed i.e. hyponatremia and hypernatremia, severally. The information was collected on pre-designed proforma. Sing ethical justification all the disbursals of this survey was paid by valuable part of whole research squad. The non concerted patients or who refused to take part in the survey, the patients who are already on diuretic therapy, the patients with diarrhoea or emesis, known instances of nephritic failure, congestive cardiac failure and liver cirrhosis were considered in exclusion standards. The informed consent was taken from every patient or from attender of patients after full account of process sing the survey, and all such manoeuvres were under medical moralss. The information was entere d, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. The mean and standard divergence was calculated for age and serum Na degree. The frequence and per centum of Na degree in TURP was besides calculated. The independent t trial was applied to compares the agencies of serum Na preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively at 95 % assurance interval and the P values a†°Ã‚ ¤ 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) is complicated by soaking up of irrigation fluid of about 1000 milliliter and on occasion 3000-5000 milliliter. This soaking up may ensue in hypervolaemia and serum electrolyte perturbations, clinically showing as the TURP-syndrome with neurologic and cardiovascular disturbances.14In our survey we identified hyponatremia in patients underwent for transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) and it is similar with the survey by Miyao et al.15Water poisoning with hyponatremia has been postulated as the primary cause for the generation of TURP syndrome. In present survey the important alteration in Na degrees was noted which was independent of the type of watering fluid ( 1.5 % glycine or unfertile H2O ) used for the process ; nevertheless Moskovitz et Al, demonstrates no any important electrolyte alterations when distilled H2O used for irrigation.16The safety for distilled H2O is besides reported by Shih et al,17 A survey by Norlen, et Al on â€Å" comparing between intermittent and uninterrupted transurethral resection of the prostate † besides have confirmed that more the tallness of fluid used larger is the fluctuation of Na levels.18Hahnaˆ? RG presented a new hypothesis that the soaking up of watering fluid into the blood during transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with diffusion of Na ions from the interstitial fluid infinite into the plasma, some of this Na is â€Å" trapped † and removed from the organic structure in connexion with hemorrhage and elimination of piss, the sum of at bay Na increased with the sum of blood lost and two tierces was trapped with the plasma loss and one-third with the osmotic diuresis. This mechanism contributes to the absolute loss of Na from the body.19The entire Na loss, nevertheless, histories for one tierce of the maximal hyponatraemia and is still dominated by the plasma-derived Na excreted during the glycine-induced osmotic diuresis. Th e consequences of survey by Shariat, et Al had slightly different presentation that no statistically important alterations were reported in the serum electrolytes, blood urea N, creatinine, and haematocrit and the most common complications were hypotension ( 8.3 % ) , high blood pressure ( 7.8 % ) , sickness ( 6.4 % ) , and purging ( 2.8 % ) . Hyponatremia, decreased haematocrit, and increased blood urea N / creatinine were seldom reported ( 2.5, 1.0, and 0.9 % , severally ) .20However, sing the complications our survey noticed high blood pressure in 14 ( 35 % ) patients, sickness in 28 ( 70 % ) patients, purging in 30 ( 75 % ) of patients and concern in 10 ( 25 % ) patients. It is really hard to avoid happening of electrolyte perturbation during TURP, the best bar could be obtained by following a right surgical technique. Procedures enduring for more than 60 proceedingss and prostate secretory organs weighing more than 60 gms could be associated with more complications. The present survey evaluated the serum electrolyte perturbations i.e. hyponatremia during TURP, the current survey open a forum of treatment and provides an initial reappraisal and alterations observed during TURP process. The survey should be continued in progress and drawn-out stage at different clinical apparatuss to supply more cognition sing electrolyte alterations during transurethral resection of the prostate. Decision: Our survey identified the lessening in serum Na degree ( hyponatremia ) during transurethral resection of the prostate and emphasized on appropriate step to forestall serious and fatal complications. The preoperative degrees of Na should be estimated and effectual steps should be made before taking up the patient for transurethral resection of the prostate.

Reason of Apple’s Success

The Success Of Apple: Above And Beyond Its Technology Over the weekend I was in an Apple store in northern New Jersey. It made me very uncomfortable. See, I’m a PC guy. A staunch Windows user, from Windows 3. 1 to 95 to 98 to NT to XP to Vista (ouch) to the current Windows 7 (did I miss any? ). However, I’m dabbling in the dark side, using an iPad (in addition to other devices such as a BlackBerry Playbook and a few Android phones). On a recent trip I broke the glass of my iPad. Hence my trip to the Apple store.As I was waiting for someone from technical support (called the Apple Genius bar) to help me, I observed Apple up close and personal. Here are a couple of things I noticed that have, no doubt, played key roles in Apple’s success. Happy staff = happy customers The whole staff was excited and happy to help customers. I observed one young lady in particular, an Apple staff member, who continually and genuinely smiled as she helped customers. She warmly greete d one customer after another and helped them work through their problems with a spark of excitement.Another lady adorned in big earrings and big glasses reminded me of a concierge at a high-end New York hotel. Friendly, professional and excited to help. In another incident, a customer came in and had a question about using her product in another country. I overheard an Apple manager suggest to a staff member that he call someone in the country to which the customer was headed, to get the answer she needed! How many retailers would take the time to make a phone call (to another country! ) to help out a customer on the retail floor? A chaotically smooth in-store processOver the course of my life, I’ve had the privilege of being around several U. S. Presidents. For obvious reasons, there is always a lot of commotion, activity and security around the President. However, all of this fuss is carefully choreographed by the U. S. Secret Service, the White House advance team and other s. To an outsider it might look like confusion, but as you look closer you see there’s a very detailed plan of action in place. This is how it was in the Apple store. Their were dozens of customers milling around, all with different needs.There were customers with pre-scheduled appointments at the Genius bar, walk-ins in need of technical support, those simply making retail purchases and people trying out new products—and everyone saw immediate attention from passionate and very knowledgeable staff members. What was also interesting was that all of the sales staff on the floor had the ability to process credit card sales with their iPhones, an innovation that is not seen at most retailers. Instead of standing in line for the cashier, the cashier comes to you and processes your transaction on the spot: pretty neat (and efficient). Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company.So what happened with my cracked iPad? Since the iPad was relatively new, the Apple representative said he would make an exception and gave me a new one. The entire process took about 10 minutes. I was fully expecting to pay $200 to get it fixed. So I was pleasantly surprised. Clearly, Apple’s products are well designed, easy to use and fun. However, the products are only one part of Apple’s success. The other part is the ease of doing business (that is, making the purchase and receiving support) that Apple delivers so harmoniously to its customers Reasons Apple Is So Successful One of the more interesting questions I get asked about as an industry analyst who’s followed Apple since 1981 is why Apple is so successful. It’s an honest question because to those unfamiliar with Apple, the company’s rise and current dominance in non-PC devices is somewhat puzzling. Most people have a working understanding of the fact that Apple lost the PC wars to Microsoft, and only nominally understand that when Apple created the iPod and then the iPhone, the company started to go in a new direction.And anyone who’s gone into an Apple store knows full well that Apple’s customer service and stores represent the gold standard for selling and supporting tech gadgets. But beyond that, the reasons why Apple is really successful are still a mystery to many. (MORE: 50 Best iPhone Apps 2012) There are plenty of books about Apple that talk about everything from Steve Jobs’ history to tenets of Apple’s business models to secrets about Apple’s internal-management ideas.However, after years of watching Apple up close and personal and having to deal with every one of their CEOs, as well as interacting with various Apple execs over the years, I would like to suggest that the reasons the company is successful can be boiled down to six key principles that make it very hard for competitors to compete with Apple. 1. For any product that Apple creates, the people who create it have to want it themselves So many times with projects I do with other tech companies, the goal is almost always based around the technology first, followed by whether or not people really want to use it.Geeky engineers are dazzled by the technology at their disposal and often create something because they can. But Apple’s approach is quite different. The engineers who are creating Apple products actually make them for themselves. And Jobs was the chief â€Å"user† of Apple products when he was alive. All of Apple’s products are based on the fact that Jobs represented the real customer. And his engineers had to come to grips with that when designing a product. It has to be something that they personally couldn’t live without. 2. The products have to be easy to useJobs was a stickler on this point. While industrial design is a critical component of any product Apple makes, if it is not easy to use, it is considered worthless to the consumer. This is what drove the company’s user-interface designs from Day 1 and is still the mantra pushed to the software and hardware engineers every day they go to work. All of the products they create have to be intuitive and easy to understand and learn. As technology has become more intricate and users want more features, the task of keeping things simple is sometimes difficult.And Apple creates tools for power users and rookies, which can mean a broad range of ease-of-use issues. But even with that, Apple is the only company I deal with where ease of use is more important than the product itself. Apple makes this a critical goal of its approach to creating anything for the market. (PHOTOS: The Apple II Turns 35) 3. Keep things simple I was in Paris in the past two weeks and had talks with various French telecommunications officials about many mobile-computing issues. But one conversation I had in particular emphasizes this keep-it-simple point.We were discussing how to compete with Apple — a major pastime for all Apple competitors and carriers these days — when the question of why Apple is really successful came up. And one exec nailed it when he said he felt that the real reason Apple is successful is because it has one product; in this case the iPhone. It minimizes the decisionmaking process for the consumer by making things simple. The person speaking was with a carrier in France, and he said that in their stores, they have to have as many as 25 different models of phones available.That makes it hard for his staff to be really knowledgeable about all of them all of the time, and their customers just have too many options to choose from. But Apple only has one iPhone model, and anyone who has gone into an Apple store understands that every staff member there knows a great deal about each of the four major products carried in its stor es. Apple doesn’t have five iPhone models to choose from; it has only one. While this may seem limiting given the amount of smart phones available to users, the truth is the reverse.Our company has done consumer research for over 30 years, and consumers constantly tell us that while choice is nice, in reality they want the process of choosing a tech product to be simple and not complicated by a plethora of choices. Yes, there are tech-savvy people who like more choices and sometimes even like complexity, but from years of experience as a market researcher, I can tell you that in the end, the majority of users are not tech-savvy, and keeping things simple for them is a plus. Apple understands this in spades and is never tempted to add multiple versions of an iPhone, iPad or even more than one or two types of iPods.This makes buying an Apple product simple. And consumers seem to appreciate this considering the huge number of iDevices that are sold each year. I know the tech med ia and techies are the most vocal about this issue of choice, but in the end, while choice is good for competitive pricing, what nontechie consumers really want is simplicity. (MORE: The Inventor Of the Future) 4. Offer great customer service and in-store experiences Jobs understood one of the major conundrums of technology: even if you create products that are easy to use, the variety of things that people want to use technology for often creates complexity.Because of this, consumers at all levels may need some hand holding from time to time. I was one of the most vocal critics of Apple when it introduced its first retail store in Tokyo in 2002. I thought it was crazy for Apple to try and go into retail. At the time, and even today, tech retail stores are in decline while big-box stores like Costco and Walmart sell products on price and nothing else. I thought that if price were the issue, an upscale retail store would be DOA. Wow, were other naysayers and I wrong about Appleâ€⠄¢s retail strategy. Apple uses this conundrum to its advantage.Because it keeps product SKUs simple, the salespeople inside the stores know the products really well. Notice that when you go into an Apple store and are greeted by one of the sales staff, you’re not asked, â€Å"How can I help you? † Instead they ask, â€Å"What would you like to do today? † They go right to the heart of any technology user’s question, a question that’s always related to what they want to do with the technology the user is interested in. And once you explain your needs, they take care of it on the spot in most cases. Or if you need more hand holding, they turn you over to the Apple Geniuses.No wonder 50% of people buying Apple products are new to Apple. Apple’s products are simple to understand and use, but if you do have a problem, Apple can take care of it at their stores or over the phone quickly. (PHOTOS: Apple Announces New iPad) 5. Apple only makes a pro duct if Apple can do it better Apple normally doesn’t invent a new product or product category. Sure, the company did invent the first commercial PC with the Apple II, and the Mac improved on PCs with a graphical user interface and mouse input. But since then, all of Apple’s other products have been recreations of existing products.Apple did not invent the MP3 player; Apple reinvented it and made it better. Apple did not invent the smart phone; Apple reinvented it and made it better. And Apple did not invent the tablet; Apple reinvented it and made it better. As Apple designer Jonathan Ive said recently, â€Å"Our goals are very simple — to design and make better products. If we can’t make something that is better, we won’t do it. † Clearly, Apple applied that thinking first to iPods, then smart phones and more recently, to the iPad. 6. Apple stays at least two years ahead of its competitors This is the one that scares Apple’s competi tors the most.While those competing with Apple are just getting products to market that are competitive, Apple is already working on the products at least two years out. For example, the new iPhone that will most likely go to market in October was designed and signed off on two years ago. And the iPhone the company is working on now is for the fall of 2014. The same goes for the iPad. The new iPad that we will most likely see next March was signed off on two years ago. The one that’s being worked on now we will probably see in 2015. This is a nightmare for Apple’s competitors and will continue to be for some time. (MORE: What Would Steve Jobs Do? Besides having geniuses in design, software and retail, Apple also has the cash to invent components, manufacturing processes and things like that, which almost makes it impossible for the competition to make any real headway against Apple. And don’t let the fact that Android has become the No. 1 smart-phone operating s ystem make you think that it’s the big winner. Yes, Android has gained ground by the sheer numbers of companies and products pushing Android. But the real measure of success is in the profits, and Apple is making as much as 70% of all the profits in smart phones and about 85% of the profits in tablets.Just ask any Android competitor which they would like more, market share or profits. You’ll get the answer relating to the real measure of success in this market. These six principles may seem a bit simplistic given the fact that Apple also has great software, industrial design and a powerful ecosystem of content, apps and services as part of the company’s success equation. However, I can tell you that from my three decades of following Apple, it’s these six key principles that are what really makes it successful.And as long as it adheres to them, it’s pretty likely that Apple will continue to grow and command a relatively large share of the market in the company’s product categories where it competes. Bajarin is the president of Creative Strategies Inc. , a technology-industry-analysis and market-intelligence firm in Silicon Valley The secret of Apple's success: simplicity Apple's success – driven by the vision of Steve Jobs – has been to distil its ideas to their essence. By contrast, too many companies are overly complicated [pic] Steve Jobs speaks during an Apple special event in 2010 in Cupertino, California.Photograph: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Apple's package-design team had just returned from its presentation to Steve Jobs, and the faces told the story – they had that â€Å"things didn't go exactly as we planned† look. â€Å"The suspense is killing me,† I said to the project leader. â€Å"How'd it go this morning? † â€Å"Well,† he said, â€Å"Steve hit us with the Simple Stick. † Translation: Jobs had rejected their work – not because it was bad bu t because, in some way, it failed to distil the idea to its essence. The person leading the project had directed the team to create packaging for two versions of the same product.Jobs had decided this was brain-dead. â€Å"Just combine them,† he said. â€Å"One product, one box. † There was no need to explore the idea of a second package. He was right. It was simpler, quicker, better. The conversation was over in minutes, and it left one very smart and talented group of people wondering why they hadn't thought of that before. The Simple Stick symbolises a core value within Apple. Sometimes it's held up as inspiration; other times it's wielded like a caveman's club: a deep, almost religious belief in the power of simplicity. If you're prepared to do battle with complexity, you'll have no trouble finding a fight.Chances are you're surrounded by it. Unless you work in the rarest of environments, complexity lives inside your organisation's hierarchy, its goals, and probabl y most of your colleagues as well. If your company ever fails, you can be sure it won't be the fault of simplicity – it will be the result of its absence. Think brutal Clarity propels an organisation. Not occasional clarity but pervasive, 24-hour, in-your-face, take-no-prisoners clarity. Most people never perceive that this is lacking in their organisation, but 90% of the time it is. Just open a few random emails, activate your â€Å"brutal-vision†, and read.The muddying messages are rampant. If people were brutally honest in their emails, the time we spend sorting through our in-boxes would surely decrease by half. Steve Jobs demanded straightforward communication from others as much as he dished it out himself. He'd cut you off if you rambled. He ran his business as if there were precious little time to waste, which well reflected the reality for Apple – as surely it does for any company serious about competing. This is probably the one element of Simplicity t hat's easiest to institute. Just be honest and never hold back.Demand the same from those you work with. You'll make some people squirm, but everyone will know where they stand; 100% of your group's time will be focused on forward progress – no need to decode what people are really saying. There is a general perception that Jobs was the nasty tyrant who demanded allegiance, barked commands, and instilled the fear of God in those around him. While Jobs certainly did exhibit these behaviours, this portrait is incomplete. The man could also be funny, warm, and even charming. There is a huge difference between being brutally honest and simply being brutal.You can't let yourself be talked into going along with something when you know it can be better. Ever. To settle for second best is a violation of the rules of simplicity, and it plants the seeds for disappointment, extra work, and more meetings. Most disturbing, it puts you in the worst possible business position: having to def end an idea you never believed in. Your challenge is to become unbending when it comes to enforcing your standards. Mercilessly so. If you submit only the work you believe in 100% and approve only the work you believe in 100%, you own something that no one can take away from you: integrity.As often happens in life, one must often suffer the consequences of doubting before becoming a believer. I'm not proud of it, but that's the way I learned my lesson about standards. There was a certain amount of theatre that went on inside Apple. The rules were well known, and a number of dramas played out with predictability. That Jobs was intolerant of stupidity is a matter of record. He wasn't at all polite when stupidity reared its ugly head. He especially wasn't fond of employing stupidity, so if you were on Apple's staff and wanted to retain that status, it was wise not to display your lack of smarts in a meeting with him.You'd just set him off and get it right between the eyes. A former App le senior staffer remembers a routine that he saw played out often during his time as a direct report to Jobs. He calls it â€Å"the rotating turret†. There was no predicting when it would happen, as it depended on how conversations evolved. But in some meeting, at some random time, some poor soul in the room would say something that everyone in the room could tell was going to light Jobs's fuse. First came the uncomfortable pause.The offending comment would reverberate in the air, and it would seem as if the entire world went into slow motion as Jobs's internal sensors fixed on the origin of the sound wave. You could almost hear the meshing of gears as his â€Å"turret† slowly turned toward the guilty party. Everyone knew what was coming—but was powerless to stop it. Finally, the turret would lock on to its target. In a split second Jobs would activate his firing mechanism, and without a second thought he'd unload all his ammunition. It was uncomfortable to wat ch and even more uncomfortable to experience, but at Apple it was just a fact of life.Think small How many overpopulated meetings do you sit through in a year? How many of those meetings get sidetracked or lose focus in a way that would never occur if the group were half the size? The small group rule requires enforcement, but it's worth the cost. Out in the real world, when I talk about small groups of smart people, I rarely get any pushback. That's because common sense tells us it's the right way to go. Most people know from experience that the fastest way to lose focus, squander valuable time, and water down great ideas is to entrust them to a larger group.Just as we know that there is equal danger in putting ideas at the mercy of a large group of approvers. One reason why large, unwieldy groups tend to be created in many companies is that the culture of a company is bigger than any one person. It's hard to change â€Å"the way we do things here†. This is where the zealots of simplicity need to step in and overcome the inertia. One must be judicious and realistic about applying the small-group principle. Simply making groups smaller will obviously not solve all problems, and â€Å"small† is a relative term.Only you know your business and the nature of your projects, so only you can draw the line between too few people and too many. You need to be the enforcer and be prepared to hit the process with the Simple Stick when the group is threatened with unnecessary expansion. In one iconic technology company with which I worked I found a framed sign in every conference room designed to nudge the employees toward greater productivity. The headline on the sign was how to have a successful meeting. The content read like it came right out of a corporate manual, which it likely did.It featured a bullet-pointed list of things like: â€Å"State the agenda at the start of your meeting,† â€Å"Encourage participation by all attendees,† and â⠂¬Å"Conclude your meeting with agreement on next steps†. What these signs really said, though, was: â€Å"Welcome to a very big company! Just follow these signs and you'll fit in well. † It's not hard to imagine Jobs, who actively fought big-company behaviour, gleefully ripping these signs off the wall and replacing them with Ansel Adams prints that might provide a moment of reflection or inspiration. If you ever work at Apple there will be no signs on the wall telling you how to run a meeting.Likewise, there will be no signs telling you how to tie your shoes or fill a glass of water. The assumption is that you are well equipped with brains and common sense and that you're a fully functioning adult. If you're not already a disciple of simplicity, you'll become one soon. Either that, or you'll decide you'd rather not be part of such a thing, which is okay too. Simplicity prefers not having to train a bucking bronco. If big companies really feel compelled to put something on their walls, a better sign might read: How to Have a Great Meeting 1. Throw out the least necessary person at the table. . Walk out of this meeting if it lasts more than 30 minutes. 3. Do something productive today to make up for the time you spent here. Think clarity This is an area where just about every business needs more work. Words are powerful, but more words are not more powerful – they're often just confusing. Understand that in your company's internal business and in communications with your customers, dissertations tend to drive people away. Though many writers never seem to grasp the point, using intelligent words does not necessarily make you appear smarter.The best way to make yourself or your company look smart is to express an idea simply and with perfect clarity. No matter who your audience is, it's more effective to communicate as people do naturally. In simple sentences. Using simple words. Simplicity is its own form of cleverness – saying a grea t deal by saying little. Think human Unless you're in the business of sterilising things, business is no place to be sterile. Have the boldness to look beyond numbers and spreadsheets and allow your heart to have a say in the matter. Bear in mind that the intangibles are every bit as real as the metrics – are often even more important.The simplest and most effective way to connect with human beings is to speak with a human voice. It may be necessary in your business to market to specific target groups, but bear in mind that every target is a human being, and human beings respond to simplicity. Best advice: Just be true to your species. This is an edited extract from Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success by Ken Segall (Portfolio Penguin, ? 14. 99) or at Guardian Bookshop for ? 11. 99 Doing business the Steve Jobs way It's natural for people to be resistant to change, large or small, so trying to change attitudes within an organisation can be difficult.But when you spread the word about the value of simplicity you are not spreading some oddball theory, you're echoing one of the most successful people in business history, Steve Jobs (right). If you refer to the benefits Apple has enjoyed by embracing simplicity, and make the appropriate parallels to your own business, you'll build a compelling case. You can spread the religion of simplicity project by project, by interacting with people and groups one at a time. Getting people to buy into a concept to the point where they start contributing their own ideas can literally create a movement within an organisation.Simplicity is a way of looking at every part of your job, the jobs of those around you, and the way your company operates. Once you start seeing the world through the lens of simplicity you'll be astounded at how many opportunities exist to improve the way your business works What are the Keys to Apple’s Success in Emerging Technologies? by Bill Halal [pic]Apple did not co me by its present success easily. Before the iPod, iPhone, and iPad became profitable icons of high-tech fashion, Steve Jobs suffered a long series of failures.Apple’s Pippin game player, the Next computer, Apple TV, the Lisa computer, the Newton PDA, and the Apple mouse are among the many products that are barely known because they were dismal flops. For many years, there were serious doubts if Apple could survive the battles it was losing to competitors like Microsoft. In contrast, Apple is now expected to sell 30 million iPads in 2011 — two-thirds of all tablet computers sold globally. Although the iPhone is fighting off 90 different smart phones, Apple’s sales are up 60% and could reach 100 million iPhones in 2011.The source of this staying power is seen in the fact that the Apple iPhone has the highest consumer satisfaction scores ever recorded. Apple’s profits exceed those of IBM, and it is considered one of the most Innovative and valuable companie s in the world, Such stunning success always raises questions over its origins. How did a struggling company run by a charismatic but somewhat erratic CEO learn to excel in the brutal battle among emerging technologies? Can the factors of this success be identified and used to guide others? The most striking conclusion about Apple’s rise is that Steve Jobs learned bitter but crucial lessons from failure.After years of autocratic leadership, dismal sales, and temperamental behavior demoralized the company, John Sculley became CEO in 1985 and Jobs was sent into the computing wilderness. For 12 years, he suffered losses such as the Next computer, which was overpriced and sold only 50,000 units in seven years. When Jobs returned to head Apple, he had learned to focus on good design, to treat people well, and to develop winning strategy. Tim Bajarin, president of a consulting firm, said â€Å"[Steve Jobs] would not have been successful if he hadn’t gone through his wildern ess experience. The main lesson from Apple’s success, however, is the central importance of focusing on strong products that are well-designed for the market. Jobs is a genius at minimalist designs that integrate technology breakthroughs to fill a newly emerging need with unusual style. He thinks success requires â€Å"listening to the technology† in order to â€Å"discover† the potential products waiting to be invented. The result can be seen in the way Jobs describes the attraction of the iPad – â€Å"It’s like holding the Internet in your hands,† he told a crowd. It’s so much more intimate than a laptop and more capable than an iPhone. It’s truly magical. † This keen sense of anticipating where emerging technologies are leading comprises the central talent that allowed Jobs to create revolutionary breakthroughs like the first personal computer (Apple 1), the first graphical interface (Mac), the first Unix PC (Next), th e first successor to Sony’s Walkman (iPod), the first online music store (iTunes), the first widely used smart phone (iPhone), and the first successful tablet (iPad).Serious processes are needed to closely follow advances in technologies that will impact your organization and to find creative new solutions for the market. That’s why Apple does far less conventional product research than other companies, and focuses instead on product discovery. Here’s how Jobs described his approach: If I had asked someone who only used a calculator what a Mac should be like, they couldn’t have told me. There’s no way to do consumer research so I had to go and create it, and then show it to them. Behind such great products, Apple thrives because it has been described as a â€Å"well-oiled machine. † Jobs learned to delegate, so his COO, Tim Cook, now runs a tight ship, and a cadre of managers and designers have learned to â€Å"think like Steve. † The company has outsourced its manufacturing operations, while 317 Apple stores are wildly popular and profitable. The Apple music store – iTunes – has expanded into a powerful vehicle for trading videos, movies, and possibly other information products.Even with these stunning achievements, Apple faces enormous new challenges as competition among other smart phones and tablets heats up. There are at least 20 versions of Android phones alone, slowly taking Apple’s market share. In 2011, Americans will buy more Androids than iPhones. The main issue, of course, is what happens when Jobs’ illness requires a successor? Despite claims that Apple has institutionalized practices that foster creativity, innovation, good design, and other legacies of Steve Jobs, it is really impossible to replace true genius. When Jobs returned from the wilderness to save Apple, John Sculley