Disc Golf :: Ultimate Frisbee Golf

Water and Salt water sound similar, at setoff you would think that only when as soon as you research either of them youll find that the only thing they have one thing in mutual water. This pair brings to mind somewhat of a similar situation in golf and frisbee golf. One would think that you frisbee golf is just golf with a frisbee but this is not so it s deeper than that. When you experience both of these it come to you, although they share similar names golf and frisbee golf have many differences between them.It is abstemious to conclude that the equipment differs in golf and frisbee golf. When golfing you use fifteen clubs and a ball, the clubs allow you to hit shots at different lengths. The ball you use consists of hard pliable that varies in the way they grip the green and the way they fly through the air. You hit the ball at a hole with a three-inch diameter by hitting the ball with the club. When playing frisbee golf you use frisbees made from a hard plastic for durabili ty. When picking out your frisbee you must take a pile of other things into consideration such as color, weight, design and flight pattern. You also may find it necessary to obtain two frisbees one being a driver and the other being a putter. The driver is for maximum distance but not accuracy and the putter is for the opposite. You stroking these frisbees at hanging durance with a cup underneath. I think beginners should play where they get the frisbee to hit any part of the chains or the pole in the air. So if you throw it and nick the chains its as good as putting it in the cup, making it easier so you dont get so discouraged. This also helps them try out with how the frisbee flies and how to get it to fly other ways. To recap golf uses two types of equipment and frisbee golf uses just one, also in golf the club propels the ball as opposed to frisbee golf where your arm throws the frisbee.There is really only one traditional swing in golf. This is a fluid take back followed b y a controlled rip at the ball. In frisbee golf you have many choices of how you want to throw the frisbee, it comes down to a matter of how it needs to fly and what you experience most comfortable with.

Literature and Virtue in Sidneys Apology for Poetry Essay -- Apology

Literature and Virtue in Sidneys Apology for Poetry In An Apology for Poetry Sir Philip Sidney attempts to reassert the fundamental wideness of literature to society in general as well as to other creative and intellectual endeavors. Though Sidneys work does provide a tax write-off (and in some cases an aberration) of much Greek and Roman literary theory, his argument aspires to go beyond an esoteric academic debate. Literature can teach and delight in a manner which other methods of communication do not possess (138). The moral/ethical impact any literary text has upon a reader is of paramount importance to Sidney. The argument Sidney presents and develops is built around the assumption that literature has the capacity to teach most effectively and to demonstrate virtue. Perhaps in better understanding how Sidney specifically supports this claim, we can better assess its strength or validity. Sidney places literature in an hierarchical relationship with all other forms of en cyclopedism literature inhabits the highest and most influential tier. Literature is the first light-giver to ignorance, and from it all other sources of knowledge have been nurtured (135). As the first use of language beyond the in all utilitarian, literature stretches and expands language to accommodate broader and more conceptual inquiries. Though an ardent admirer of Platonic philosophy, Sydney, in order to serve his intellectual exercise, rewrites or rehabilitates Platos approximative stance on the worthlessness of literature. Unlike Platos poet who perpetuates images far removed from the Truth, Sidneys poet can dip into the existence of Forms, the Ideal, and provide us with knowledge of virtue. While the tangible world of... ...ry (150). Sidneys responses have become the mainstay of the supporters of a liberal arts education. Unfortunately, literature has become sanctified to the extent that knowledge of literature has become practically substitutable with virtuous act ion. Such modern interpretations of Sidneys defense of literature seem to strike against the very heart of his argument. Sidney seems to understand all too well that human beings kinsfolk both virtuous and vicious impulses it is within our power to infuse our creations with both the sinister and the sublime. Because this is true of any human invention, Sidney counsels that the potential of literature for good or ill should not be easily discounted or dismissed. Works Cited Sidney, Philip. An Apology for Poetry The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989.

Essay --

Isabel Archer Her Quest For Freedom And Downfall The Portrait of a Lady is the most stunning work of Henry Jamess early period--in the 1860s and 70s when he was transforming himself from a talented young American into a resident of Europe, a citizen of the world, and one of the greatest novelists of modern times. Quest of license The Portrait of a Lady is a story about protagonist Isabel Archer, a penniless orphan. Many rich suitors come to her with a proposal of marriage ceremony but she declines, as she wanted to make an art of her life that is to follow her dreams, as she was a spirited and intelligent young woman. She was strong minded and pig-headedly independent with an intensely sensual nature and a powerful desire to explore and engage with the world on her own and sees marriage as a prison that would limit her ability to experience her life. Isabel unexpectedly inherits a fortune, freeing her particularly from the need to marry. Now she could do whatever she wanted. S he wanted to confidently affiance her dream and didnt want anyone hold her back. Her cool independence is not a very feminine ideal, she seems to show no need but to fly. During her childhood she spends her time reading romantic philosophy, cultivating an idealistic view of the world of art, philosophy and learning, that of Europe but couldnt have a practical taste of things. So when she inherits a fortune whole world spreads out in front of her giving her the opportunity to fulfil her dreams and to make an art of her life. She wanted to enjoy and class free. Now she could see and feel things in real terms. She didnt want to get married and put an end to her freedom. She was a proud woman and was not shy to express what she felt. When someone asks her ... ...is that she has not been educated. None of her friends or relatives contributes to her education. Her father had assumed that the free, unfettered life with no real guidance was sufficient. Her Aunt persuasion that a visit to Gardencourt, to Paris to purchase clothes, and to Florence was sufficient. Ralph thought that providing Isabel with a fortune would be sufficient. They were all wrong. An education requires other more important components. An education requires others who pull off for and contribute to ones development. Isabel Archer did not have any of these others. It was no wonder that her education misfired. References Arnold Kettle, Henry James The Portrait of a Lady, in The Portrait of a Lady, ed. Robert D. Bamberg (New York W.W. Norton), 679. http//artsweb.bham.ac.uk/maf/Project1-02/Portrait.htm http//www.online-literature.com/henry_james/

Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning In the past few years, the topic of cloning has been in the discussion a lot. It is a very controversial issue, with many opposing viewpoints. While some find it acceptable, others object for religious reasons. A big concern is the possibleness of abuse of this new technology. One of the big questions is Where will we stop? We may start by just experimenting and studying, but then what? Manufacturing human bodies for spargon separate? No one can be sure where it will stop. The Supreme court says that everyone has the right to make their own reproductive decisions without government interference, but now it is proposing bans on human cloning. These bans prevent the very research needed to make cloning safe (Eibert). So, it seems that the government is not giving human cloning a chance. There are many benefits to cloning in the fields of stinkiness, harmonium transplants, and fighting disease. Although there are many benefits, the possible effects and moral considerations are too great for us to continue experimentation. Benefits One of the major benefits of cloning technology is improvement in the field of fertility. In vitro fertilization only has a success rate of about 10%. To improve effectiveness, doctors could clone embryos, and the success rate could drastically increase (Masci 413). Another benefit in the field of fertility is that names unable to conceive naturally, even with in vitro, or people too old to conceive, could still have a genetically related child (Masci 413-414). With cloning, nut and sperm would not be necessary for reproduction, because any body cell would work (Eibert). The resulting offspring would actually be a replica of one parent (Masci 413-414). Other benefits to using cloning come in the field of fighting disease. When genes are not in use, they become dormant. In order for cloning to catch place, all genes must be active. Discovering how genes are turned on and off could lead to treatment for different cancers (Masci 414). Cloning could also revolutionize the field of organ transplant. Organs and bone marrow could be cloned and used for transplant. Thousands of people die waiting for transplants, so this could save many lives. In addition, the organs used in the transplant could come from the same patient, reducing the risk of rejection by the body (Masci 414). To treat heart attack victims, doctors could clone healthy heart cells and inject them into damaged areas of the heart (Masci 415).

The Rise of Silas Lapham by William Dean Howells Essay -- Papers Willi

The plagiarize of Silas Lapham by William doyen HowellsIn the novel, The Rise of Silas Lapham, William Dean Howells makes a particular point about the morals of an individual in the business world. His point is that an individual, such as Silas, must check their morals at the door if they have any plans to make it in the business world. The novel has always been popular, partly because it presents Laphams financial and social failure as consciously and by design chosen when he has to decide whether he shall cheat and stay on top in business or tell the truth and fail irrecoverably (Gibson 283). The Rise of Silas Lapham is a novel that deals with the potential moral corruption of a man by money. The outward signs of Silas Laphams corruption are his attempts to buy his way into social adoption with a costly house and to buy his way out of moral responsibility through the deliberately unwise loan to a former collaborator and victim. The loan, made with money that his wife preve nted him from spending on the house, is a complication that is neither accidental nor trivial. His eventual rise is a moral one resulting from the rejection of a legally sound but purely materialistic standard. It is accompanied by a corresponding adjustment in his understanding of the meaning of social differences, and a return to the tradition which had given his own family life solidity and dignity (Bennet 150). By using setting, symbolism and characterization, William Dean Howells writes about the conflicts of an individual and the world of queen-sized business, in the 19th century.The setting is a crucial part of the narrative. The Rise of Silas Lapham is set in the city of Boston, Massachusetts in the late 19th century. If the story where set anyw... ...terature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 3. Marshall Cavendice Corporation New York, 1991. 932-945.Kirk, Clara Manburg. W.D. Howells and Art In His Time. New Brunswick Rutgers University Press, 1965.Petry, Alice Hall. Willi am Dean Howells. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 4. Englewood Cliffs Salem Press, 1983. 1,368-1,379.Pizer, Donald. The cultural Unity of The Rise of Silas Lapham. Critics on William Dean Howells. Ed. Paul A. Eschholz. Coral Garden University of Miami Press. 80-83.Portrait Of An American. William Dean Howells The Development of A Novelist. Ed. George N. Bennet. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. 50-51, 80-81, 150-161.Scudder, Horace E. Recent American Fiction. Critical Essays On William Dean Howells, 1866-1920. Ed. Edwin H. Cady and Norma W. Cady. Boston G.K. Hall & Co., 1983. 37-57

The Rise of Silas Lapham by William Dean Howells Essay -- Papers Willi

The Rise of Silas Lapham by William doyen HowellsIn the novel, The Rise of Silas Lapham, William Dean Howells springs a particular point well-nigh the object lessons of an individual in the business world. His point is that an individual, such as Silas, must check their morals at the door if they have any plans to make it in the business world. The novel has always been popular, partly because it presents Laphams financial and social failure as consciously and deliberately chosen when he has to decide whether he shall cheat and stay on top in business or tell the truth and fail irrecoverably (Gibson 283). The Rise of Silas Lapham is a novel that deals with the potential moral corruption of a man by money. The outward signs of Silas Laphams corruption are his attempts to defile his way into social acceptance with a costly house and to buy his way out of moral responsibility through the deliberately unwise loan to a former partner and victim. The loan, made with money that his wife prevented him from expending on the house, is a complication that is neither accidental nor trivial. His eventual rise is a moral one resulting from the rejection of a legally sound but stringently materialistic standard. It is accompanied by a corresponding adjustment in his understanding of the meaning of social differences, and a return to the tradition which had given his consume family life solidity and dignity (Bennet 150). By using setting, symbolism and characterization, William Dean Howells writes about the conflicts of an individual and the world of big business, in the 19th century.The setting is a crucial part of the story. The Rise of Silas Lapham is set in the city of capital of Massachusetts, Massachusetts in the late 19th century. If the story where set anyw... ...terature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 3. Marshall Cavendice tummy New York, 1991. 932-945.Kirk, Clara Manburg. W.D. Howells and Art In His Time. New Brunswick Rutgers University Press, 1965.Pe try, Alice Hall. William Dean Howells. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 4. Englewood Cliffs Salem Press, 1983. 1,368-1,379.Pizer, Donald. The Ethnical Unity of The Rise of Silas Lapham. Critics on William Dean Howells. Ed. Paul A. Eschholz. Coral Garden University of Miami Press. 80-83.Portrait Of An American. William Dean Howells The Development of A Novelist. Ed. George N. Bennet. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. 50-51, 80-81, 150-161.Scudder, Horace E. Recent American Fiction. Critical Essays On William Dean Howells, 1866-1920. Ed. Edwin H. Cady and Norma W. Cady. Boston G.K. Hall & Co., 1983. 37-57

Audit Memo

Audit Planning Memorandum for Database Environment Date 02/04/2013 To Audit Senior Management School Board Temple University Prepared By Shan Jiang - backcloth Types of RDBMS MySQL 5. 0 an open-source informationbase used extensively in small or medium-sized web applications. One of the simplest databases to secure from hacking because of the small attack surface it exposes Number of DB servers 3 Business units rely on the DBs Sales and Distribution, Financial Services, Procurement, and Accounts Receivable.Organizational structure of the group who manages the DBs Data Owner, system administrator, and database administrator. 1. 0 Internal Audit Objective and backcloth 2. 1 Internal Audit Objective The objective of this review is to visit confidentiality, integrity, and handiness of XYZ Companys MySQL 5. 0 database environment. 2. 2 Internal Audit reach and Approach The scope of this review includes an assessment of MySQL 5. 0 database environment. Specifically, this review all ow include * Physical and administrative control Concurrent memory access controls * Change controls * emcee configuration control * Database checkpoints * Schema Modifications * Redundancy elimination and relationship verification * Database restructuring * Data backup and disaster recovery plan 2. 3 Deliverables Audit deliverables will consist of the following * Fieldwork documentation * Finding Issues * Audit draft report * Action plan and recommendation * Audit final report It is planned that the supra deliverables will be delivered to you by 02/07/2013 for your review and subsequent discussion. . 0 High-Level Work Program Policy and standards, data backup and procedures, levels of access controls for data, data encryption, confidentiality, integrity, availability of data elements, database checkpoints at junctures, database reorganization, database restructuring procedures and write report. 3. 0 General Information 4. 4 Internal Audit Team The inwrought audit team, with role s and responsibilities, includes the following people * Lua Li associate, audit database basic step and general controls. *Jia Meng associate, audit database operating system security * Shan Jiang associate, audit database accounts and permissions management * Zhou Zhou senior associate, audit rallying cry strength and review database privileges * Chao Lang senior associate, audit data encryption * Jia Yu manager, verify database auditing and activity monitoring. 4. 5 Duration of Internal Audit The duration of this internal audit will be for one month commencing on 02/11/2013. 02/11/2013-02/15/2013 Planning 02/16/2013-02/20/2013 Fieldwork and documentation 2/21/2013-02/25/2013 Issue discovery and validation 02/26/2013-04/01/2013 Solution development 04/02/3013-04/07/2013 Report drafting and issuance 04/08/2013-04/11/2013 Final report and issue tracking It is evaluate that the fieldwork, working papers and drafting of deliverables will be completed by Internal Audit Team. 4. 6 Loca tion of Internal Audit The location of the internal audit will be performed at XYZ Company. It is predicted that a site visit to XYZ Company will be conducted during the course of this review. 4. 7 Temple University preliminary Audits Previous Audit Version March 3, 2012Previous Critical Findings Developers have direct access to update production code without permission. Impact It is fixed. The DBMS team implemented a baseline tool for protecting the production code. The ability to check new code into this tool will be limited to the DBA. The team also enter procedures requiring approval and testing prior to submitting new production code for check-in. 4. 8 Key Contacts Contact Position Department E-mail Contact No. Jim park Database Administrator IT emailprotected com 435-234-8899 Lucas Xiao System Administrator IT emailprotected om 123-324-3211 David Han Database Developer IT emailprotected com 876-123-1234 Ryan Li System Analyst IT emailprotected com 542-345-0989 Billy Zhou M anager IT emailprotected com 324-123-4321 4. 0 High-Level Work Schedule Date parturiency Contact 02/11/2013-02/15/2013 Verify policies and procedures about database version and available patches David Han 02/16/2013-02/20/2013 Determine baseline for adequate security setting and permissions on the directory and registry keys. Ryan Li 02/21/2013-02/25/2013 Verify legitimate accounts creation and password management capabilities. Jim Green 02/26/2013-02/28/2013 Confidentiality, integrity, availability and encryption of data Lucas Xiao 03/01/2013-03/03/2013 Database checkpoints at junctures Ryan Li 03/04/2013-03/05/2013 Database reorganization Lucas Xiao 03/06/2013-03/08/2013 Database restructuring procedures Jim Green 03/09/2013-03/11/2013 Ready to report Billy Zhou 5. 0 Key concerns of management. Operating system administrators gains easy access to MySQL Server. SQL Server DBAs has local administrator privileges on Windows. Data breaches that compromise IP or personal privacy. 6. 0 Manager Sign-off Billy Zhou 02/07/2013

Business Research Report

Social media, dating sites and shopping sites alone custom given modification schooling to learn to a greater extent(prenominal) ab by consumers. The more companies know about people, the better they stooge decide who their potential customers should be and how to fall upon them. Social media is conversation through online communities. The enforce of social media in marketing has become very popular oer the last few years. This is a very effective direction to promote content by increase visibility. Using these platforms also all(a)ows for more involvement with the customers to build more trusting relationships with them.Customer relationship management refers to software that records and analyzes all kinds of useful data. This info abide be obtained in many different says by either the company or a trio party. It is utilize to register the customers and their buying habits. We recommend opening a Faceable and Twitter account, using those accounts to hyper target and creating a CRM database. We chose these specific technologies because they are fairly simple to implement and would be the around table serviceful for our company. Introduction The purpose of this report is to review and analyze new information technologies that can assist with marketing in the company.As of this year, there are over 950 companies that bring home the bacon marketing software (Brinier 2014). Everyday, marketing professionals are looking for new ship canal to grow their business and technology has changed the way they r to each one new customers. These days, its all about the customers and what they pauperism and because they have access to pretty much everything, marketers have to find a way to get their attention. It is estimated that people spend about 1 1 hours a day using some form of technology (Patronize 2014). Knowing this, traditional marketing just isnt enough anymore.If companies fatality to keep up with consumers, they must keep up With technology. W ith all of the technology available for use, companies can have so much information at their fingertips. Out of all of the possibilities, we chose to rise social media, hyper targeting and customer relationship management (CRM) because we think those allow for work best for the company. Social media is very low cost and will deliver us to reach a much bigger audience. We can engage the audience and build relationships with them this way. Hyper targeting will be used to identify potential customers and reach them more efficiently.This ensures that the people we advertise to are more promising to be interested in what we have to fracture. Having a CRM database would low easy access to all of our information about our customers. This information can be used in anyway that our company sees fit. Hyper Targeting Hyper targeting is defined as the ability to identify potential consumers and deliver targeted publicise content. History The phrase Hyper Targeting was actually coined by N amespace (Gold, 2009). Namespace discovered that they could target consumers for ads found on the information provided in users registration and profiles.This information might include age, sex, geographical region, education, favorite movies, entertainment, restaurants, etc. Namespace discovered that because of the large numbers of registered users, they could target very specific user interests and still reach large numbers of people. Today, dating sites, social media sites and other sites that require user registration and other self- expressed user information all make use of hyper targeting. Hyper Targeting with Twitter and Faceable The social media sites Twitter and Faceable both make heavy use of hyper targeting.A company advertising on Twitter can target every Twitter user who has specific words in their public bio, or someone who uses particular words often in tweets, or someone who follows certain verified other retailers. Businesses can also construct a user list using those specifications and show that group promoted nets (Smith, 2014). Faceable allows advertisers to target users by age, SeX, language, location, workplace, education, interests, browsing history and more, with different ads for different populations.Advertisers can even display ads in different languages, depending on whom they have hyper targeted (Albacore, 2011 Mobile Hyper Targeting Advertisers may target mobile device users based on the location Of the user, via a number of methods. Users locations can be estimated based on their IP address, but this method is not always accurate. A more accurate approach is to use the GAPS coordinates that the user has elect to share with certain mobile applications. Once the users location is known, advertising may be targeted based on proximity to a particular place (I. E. The city center), or based on proximity to a particular retail outlet.Advertisers may also presume that users have a particular interest based on their location (I. E. If they are at a hockey game, perhaps they like sports), and target advertising accordingly (Kombi, 2013). Analysis Hyper targeting can be used to identify potential customers based on relevant criteria and deliver advertising to them. Hyper targeting may limit the size of the advertising audience, but the targeted consumers are much more likely to respond to the advertising. Hyper targeting is relevant to our company because it can help us determine who our customers are and/or should be, and it can help us reach them more efficiently.Social Media Social media, as most know, is a form Of electronic communication through online communities. According to Pew Research (2014), 90% of adults ages 8-29 use social media, which has make it a very popular way to market over the last few years. Social media is used to promote and inform, gain valuable feedback and build relationships with customers. forward motion Twitter and Faceable are often used for promotion and are very effective (and free). Customers look on these pages for all kinds of information about companies and social media is a fast and simple way to keep them updated.A company can invite people to like their page and share their posts and just like that, millions of people could be exposed to the content. The global average of a share on a social networking site is $3. 0 (Meyer-Brandt 2014). This is how much money the company makes due to increased visibility from each share of their content. Engaging Social media platforms are a great way for businesses to engage and build relationships with customers. This is now one of the fastest ways to communicate with people. Because it allows for two-way communication, where television and radio dont, it is much easier to engage people.Companies can ask for peoples opinions with new projects and encourage them to share their content. Getting them to participate in voting, contests and provide feedback can help the company be more transparent to the public. Resp onding to questions and comments can make customer service experiences better. Analysis With social media being such a big part of society these days, there isnt really a better way to market ones business or product. This is important to us because we can reach a bigger audience to share information about our company with than we could using most other avenues.Social media marketing is usually free and will allow us to build relationships with our followers and involve them. The more involved they are, the better and more trusting relationships we have with them. Those relationships will lead o better experiences for our customers, who will spread the word and bring more business to us. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) can be defined as a strategy used to record and manage data and interactions with customers. This strategy usually involves using some kind of software that saves and analyzes data.Information The information collected cou ld be contact info, demographic and complete transaction history. Surveys could be given to customers to find out what they like and dont like. One method used to obtain information is to offer a shopping/loyalty card. Giving rewards and discounts to customers will encourage them to sign up, which is when they will provide some of their info. Some companies also use a third party to connect people to account numbers and credit cards. How its used The information can be used in many ways to help improve marketing.The idea is to understand the relationship between the company and the customer with their buying habits. All of the info that is recorded over clock time and through each and every customer interaction is saved in a database and is used to target customers specific needs. So, now it is easier to market the eight product to the right individual for the right price. Implementing a CRM system can be very beneficial to the company. This is the fastest growing marketing tool i n the last five years (Reardon 2011 All Of our information involving customers would be in one organized database.The marketing team would then have easy access to all of the info and use it as they see fit. Having this knowledge, marketers would be able to find more qualified customers, making the time spent doing so more valuable. This would save the company time and keep us from wasting money on marketing to the wrong people. Recommendations Our company, like others, relies on sales for profit. It is recommended that we take measures to increase those sales by implementing the findings. The stolon thing we should do is make a Faceable and Twitter account.We can designate people to administer these accounts, keep them updated and get people interested in our company. We should then, use our social media accounts to hyper target. There are various software programs to choose from or we can let Faceable and Twitter do all of that for us. Lastly, we should decide what information we want to use in a CRM database what info ill be most helpful to our company. Then, we need to decide if we want to create our own database or if we want to pay a third party to do collect the information for us.These findings are important because they will help our company advance in marketing, which is likely to lead to higher sales. Social media is a fast and easy way to reach the most people. It permits us to communicate and engage existing and potential customers. We can also use these platforms to hyper target our content. Hyper targeting will help us by advertising to the people who are most likely to respond, getting the most out of our marketing. Creating a customer relationship management database will contain all of our customers information.

The Scope Of Computing And Information Technology Developments Education Essay

Calculating and nurture engineering is a re tout ensembley dynamic, invariably germinating country with innovative applications emerging on a day-to-day footing. Some like the World Wide Web have led to rapid planetary acceptance and underlying alterations in the manner people do concern and carry on their lives. These festerings are frequently represented, peculiarly in the popular media, as the consequence of abundant penetrations or flashes of inspiration. The fact that these penetrations by and large occur to people who have spent considerable clip in painstaking regular trace and essay is less by and large appreciated. It is hence of import that pupils shiping on a c every(prenominal)ing as computer science and IT schoolmasters are given a spend apprehension of these developments in their socio-economic, historical and ethical context along with a house foundation in the cardinal professional accomplishments that depart assist them carry efficaciously to its hereafte r development. This unit of measurement aims to supply anchoring in cardinal professional based accomplishments such as the comprehension, analysis, rating, and recording of information, information determined decision- do, and the design of measure probes in the context of some of the most exciting current developments in calculating and IT. The importance of professionalism, honestness, unity, equity, due attention, and attending to item is emphasised throughout.Purposes of the UnitThe design of this unit is to present pupils of the play and scope of calculating and information engineering developments and give them an apprehension of the basic rules, cognition, tools and techniques necessary for the development of professional self-managed pattern in calculating and information engineering and to supply the back forward and counsel that willing enable them to aquire confidence in planning and pull offing their work two separately and jointly as wad of a group. The accen t of the unit will be on understanding calculating and information engineering as a professional present with the regard of, and duties to, the general populace, relevant governments and the profession. Equally good as developing apprehension of private and group direction skills the unit will supply experience in their application by presenting pupils to the rudimentss of systematic probes, informations aggregation, analysis, rating and presentation. Specifically, the unit aims toa? provide pupils with a wide cognition of the range of the field and its current developments and their socio-economic, historical and ethical context a? give pupils a general grasp of the value of criterions and experience in interpretation, using and meter conformity to peculiar criterions a? familiarise pupils with techniques for efficaciously pull offing squad and group based work a? aid pupils get self-direction in pull offing their ain acquisition and supply experience in techniques of personal clip direction a? introduce the basic constructs of systematic probe and job resolution a? assist pupils in understanding computer science and information engineering within its socio-economic, historical and ethical context.a? explain the importance of academic unity and how to guarantee that their ain work avoids charges of misconductLearning ResultsKnowledge and UnderstandingHaving successfully completed the unit, pupils will be able to state cognition and apprehension ofSocio-economic, historical and ethical context of calculating and information engineering The design, analysis and rating of systematic probes Academic and professional unity.Intellectual SkillsHaving completed this unit, pupils will be able toEvaluate paperss in footings of their intent, construction and manner Pose appraising inquiries and invent just agencies for proving them Assess the candor of information in a assortment of signifiers Set particular, mensurable, accomplishable, relevant and clip related m arks separately and in groups Practical SkillsHaving completed this unit, pupils will be able toDevelop certification in conformity with a given house manner.Present informations and statistics to efficaciously convey information Interpret the degree of assurance informations provide for a hypothesis Movable SkillsHaving completed this unit, pupils will be able toDemonstrate organizational and clip direction accomplishments Work with others to accomplish normal endsEfficaciously present fresh thoughts to an audience of their equals Take effectual notes from spoken and written presentations Keep a portfolio that efficaciously records indispensable information related to their survey and pattern.Appraisal of the UnitWeekly Lecture Reflections and semester 1 accomplishments activities ( 36 attachs ) Students will enter their contemplations from the CCP lectures throughout the semester utilizing the templet provided. This will be looked at on a regular basis by the coach. Students wil l be expected to grounds completion of specific tutorial activities from the CCP and other units in their portfolio.Brooding Commentary ( 12 Markss ) . Students will be expected to reflect on their strengths and failings and place their short/medium/long term ends and how they have been able to accomplish them, to day of the month. Marks will be awarded for the critical rating of their advancement and personal development for semester 1. interconnected appraisal ( 15 Markss ) this constituent will be assessed as portion of the incorporate appraisal in hebdomads 13, 14 & A 15.Personal Development Plan ( 12 Markss ) . The pupil will get down a personal development program at the start of the unit, and the coach will discourse it sporadically throughout the unit with the pupil. It will be assessed sporadically throughout the two semesters.Group Report and Presentation in little groups ( 25 Markss ) . Students will be formed into groups and carry on an probe into a given subject and co mpose a formal study, every bit good as give a presentation on the subject that they have investigated utilizing techniques introduced in the unit.FeedbackFeedback will usually be given to pupils 15 working yearss after the entry of an assignment.Introduction to Analyzing the Unit of measurementOverview of the Main ContentFinding relevant beginnings of information in the library and on the cyberspaceAnalysis and rating of papers architectures and mannersComprehending, analyzing and measuring documental beginnings of informationEffective note taking and ledger maintainingTechniques for personal planning and clip directionGroup work direction techniques consensus edifice, goal-setting, guaranting committedness and conformity covering with struggleAsking appraising inquiries and finding a just trialPlaning questionnaires and interviewsAnalysis of questionnaire informationsEffective presentation of informations and informationAcademic unity, house manner, mentioning and referencing of beginningsOverview of Types of ClassesThere will be a one hr speech followed by a two hr tutorial in semester one and two hr tutorials in semester two with some one hr talks. Lectures will chiefly concentrate on presenting pupils to some of the broader issues in calculating and information engineering and will besides move as a laboratory in which pupils can experiment with developing effectual note taking accomplishments.Tutorial clip will be divided between working on iodin and group undertakings, exercisings and whole category activities and one-to-one support Sessionss with the coach.Students will be encouraged to develop a personal development program and single support Sessionss will be organised around these programs.Importance of Student Self-Managed Learning TimeThe unit introduces a figure of techniques and accomplishments based exercisings that need to be skillful on a regular footing for the pupil to be able develop competency and go skilled practicians. It is of im port that pupils pattern these techniques in all their acquisition throughout the hebdomad. The personal development planning and one-to-one support Sessionss with there coach will assist pupils be after and pull off their clip efficaciously.EmployabilityProfessional behavior is cardinal to gaining the regard of employers and co-workers and the basic accomplishments and good wonts developed in this unit are extremely regarded by employers. In peculiar, world able to pull off their ain clip and work efficaciously in groups and squads is often cited by employers as an of import differentiator when choosing staff. Bing able to show competency in these countries therefore clearly improves a pupil s opportunities of gaining and retaining good employment chances.The Programme of T separatelying, Learning and AssessmentWeek Get downingSemester Week NumberLectureAppraisal Points27 Sep 20101Introduction to the unitProfessionalismSemester 1 Begins04 Oct 20102Library Information Skills11 Oct 20103Personal Development Planning18 Oct 20104Can my electric refrigerator talk to my rinsing machine?25 Oct 20105Identifying your accomplishmentsPDP reappraisal by coachs01 Nov 20106Learning Manners08 Nov 20107Note-taking & A analyzing15 Nov 20108Assuring Academic & A Professional Integrity22 Nov 20109Critical ReviewPDP reappraisal by coachs29 Nov 201010Effective paper06 Dec 201011CV Preparation13 Dec 201012CommunicationReflection & A Activities20 Dec 201027 Dec 201003 Jan 2011Christmas holiday10 Jan 201113Integrative Assignment17 Jan 201114Integrative Assignment24 Jan 201115Integrative AssignmentSemester 1 terminals31 Jan 20111Integrative AssignmentSemester 2 Begins07 Feb 20112Assuring Academic & A Professional IntegrityGroup Work hand-out14 Feb 20113Report WritingPDP reappraisal by coachs21 Feb 20114Making the most of your clip at University28 Feb 20115Importance of p/time and impermanent work07 Mar 20116Puting it all together ( using for occupations )14 Mar 20117Placements2 1 Mar 2011828 Mar 20119PDP reappraisal by coachs04 Apr 20111011 Apr 201118 Apr 201125 Apr 2011Easter Vacation02 may 201111Bank Holiday Monday09 May 201112Group Work Presentations16 May 201113PDP Hand-in23 May 201114Semester 2 tests, hebdomad 130 May 2011Recess Week06 June 201115Semester 2 tests, hebdomad 2REMEMBER Your coach on this unit is besides your personal coach for the first and second old ages of your class.Hand OutHand InMarksTimeDescriptionS1W1S1W1236 %16 hoursStudy Skills appraisal and activitiesS1W1S1W1212 %4Contemplation on personal development to day of the monthS1W13S1W14/1515 %TBDIntegrative appraisal dowryS2W2S2W1225 %8 hoursGroup work probe and presentation.S1W1S2W1312 %4 hoursPersonal Development Plan ( PDP )The tutorial activities that should be included areInformation Searching Skills completed undertakings with repliesHistory of Calculating article and feedback ( Fintan Culwin )Mail Merge ( photocopy of pronounced assignment and feedback from BAD unit. Stud ents non making the unit should make the undertaking and subject the work as portion of the portfolio )Short-term/medium-term/long-term targets/goalsWeekly contemplation on all the talks, utilizing the given templet.Integrated AssignmentIn hebdomads 13 15 you will set about an integrative assignment. The bulk of the work for this will be group-based, and will measure larning in Computer and Communications Architecture, Commercial Information Systems Development, Quantitative Analysis/Methods and Computing Culture and Practice units. Additionally there will be an single component in hebdomad 12 necessitating you to take one of a figure of occupations and fix an application. The stuff in the booklet will be of aid in all parts of the assignment but peculiarly with the occupation application. The assignment is deserving 60 % in entire for all four units ( 15 % for each unit ) .Contemplation and PDPStudents should be able to show they have successfully planned their personal developmen t. The pupils should supply a comprehensive list of strengths, failings, chances and menaces in a broad scope of relevant countries and be able to utilize their experiences whilst set abouting the first twelvemonth to successfully be after their personal development. There should be grounds of periodic reappraisal of their PDP and indicant of their advancement.0 3Minimal attempt small grounds that PDP is understood, with limited efforts at placing their ain personal development3 6Some grounds that PDP is understood, with limited efforts at placing their ain personal development.6 9Clear grounds of comprehension of PDP, presented in a clear and systematic manner. Some work that goes beyond what has been introduced in the unit.9 12Excellent grounds of comprehension of PDP. Planned for their initial and/or go oning personal development and reviewed their pattern and evidenced from a assortment of beginnings.Student EvaluationBy and large the pupils found the unit utile for fixing for them for theirstudies at university and besides for work.Learning ResourcesCore MaterialsTony Buzan The Buzan Study Skills Handbook. BBC Active, 2006S. Cottrell The Study Skills Handbook. Third Edition. Palgrave, 2008.L. Lee Davis Developing Work and Study Skills, First edition, Thomson Learning, 2007.G. Fairbairn & A C Winch Reading, Writing and Reasoning, Second edition OUP, 1996.A. Britton & A A Cousins Study Skills A usher for womb-to-tomb scholarsThe Distant Learning Centre, London South Bank University, 1998N Stanton know Communication Palgrave Macmillan, 1996Cameron, Sheila Skills Business pupil s enchiridion Learning accomplishments for survey and employments. 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2005McMillan, K & A Weyers, J The Smarter Student, First Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006Jay, Ros & A Jay, Anthony Effective Presentation, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2004

Name and Discuss All the Seller’s Obligations in Details with Regards to a Contract of Sale

Contract of sale Table of content 1. The venders transaction to protect 2. The venders duty to deliver 3. 1 The meaning of legal transfer 3. 2 How delivery occurs 3. The sellers ability for latent defects 4. 3 General principles 4. 4 Requirements for liability 4. 5 Scope of the sellers liability 4. 6 Waiver at the time of conclusion of the agreement 4. 7 Latent defects in repairs 4. The manufacture & dealers liability for latent defect 5. Liability on the grounds of the seller 6. The sellers liability for constructive evictionIntroduction A declaration of sale is a legal contract and exchange of goods, services to be exchanged from seller to buyer for an agreed upon value in money paying(a) or the promise to pay same. 1. The sellers duty to protect The sellers primary obligations are to transfer ownership of the goods and deliver the goods. A seller may agree to package or label the thing in a certain way or service the thing for a specific period of time. The sellers is oblige d to take care of the thing until it is delivered.The seller essential exercise the care of a reasonable soul in caring for the thing in question. The seller is liable for breach of contract if the thing is destroyed through his/her intentional or negligent carelessness. The seller is liable for breach of contract if the thing is destroyed through his/her intentional or negligent carelessness. However, in the absence of an explicit term excluding assay, the bargain for carries the risk of the thing being accidentally damaged while still in the possession of the seller.If the leverage remain in breach to receive the thing, the seller ignore only be held liable if the thing is damaged or perishes because of his/her intention or gross negligence. 2. The sellers duty to deliver 3. 1 The seller is obliged to deliver the thing to the purchaser. Delivery of the goods shall be made by the supplier in accordance with the terms specified in the contract. The details of deportation and o ther documents to be furnished by the supplier are specified in special conditions of contract.The seller must make the thing available to the purchase and not necessarily that the seller must search for and find the purchase in order to deliver the thing. It is the sellers duty to make delivery which does not refer to a physical delivery but merely means that the seller must permit the transfer of possession of the goods to the buyer. The delivery must be made in accordance with the terms of contract to sell. 3. 2 How delivery occurs 3. 3. 1 Movables A distinction is made between actual and structural delivery.If the contract requires the seller to make delivery as a destination point, the duty of the seller is the same as though were dealing with the buyer demo to face, rather than placing the goods in the possession of a carrier. However, if any documents are issued by the carriers that are necessary to obtain possession of the goods, the seller must in like manner entreat su ch documents. 3. 3. 2 Actual delivery Is the handing over of a thing 3. 3. 3 Constructive delivery The thing may be pointed out or something symbolic may be handed over.The purchaser may already be in possession of the thing and then the ownership is transferred sometime later. 3. 3 What must be delivered Things to be delivered by the supplier are specified in special conditions of contract. If a buyer gas bought a specific object, it has to be delivered and must be in the same condition as it was when the contract of sale was concluded. The seller has a duty to take care of the thing purchase until the time of delivery. The seller must also deliver all accessories and attachments that belong with the object to the extent that these are not excluded by the contract.The seller must also deliver to the purchaser the entire thing and profits that the thing yield after the conclusion of the contract of sale. 3. The sellers liability for latent defects 4. 4 General principles 4. 5 Requir ements for liability 4. 6 Scope of the sellers liability 4. 7 Waiver at the time of conclusion of the agreement 4. 8 Latent defects in repairs 4. The manufacturer and dealers liability for latent defects 5. Liability on the grounds of dicta et promissa of the seller 6. The sellers liability for eviction

Social Work and Data Protection

CYP3. 3 Understand how to safeguard the well being of children and young people 1. 2 Explain child protection within the wider model of safeguarding children and young people Child protection is much more than safeguarding or protecting children from direct abuse. The Safe action plan is a piece of code that is rattling similar to the outcome of the 10 year strategies which we commence here in Northern Ireland. It shows an understanding that children need protected in a wider conniption of safeguarding and has recognised a number of aspects in aras of protection . Keeping children safe. . Crime and bullying . Forced marriage Missing children . Actively promoting their welfare in a healthy and safe environment. This action plan is designed to work up in a more holistic nature and be more child centred promoting a happy safe environment for the child, supporting the child in areas of brotherly and emotional wellbeing, healthy eating e. g. Healthy eating vouchers, no tolerance t o bullying. 1. 3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. As it is the responsibility that anyone who comes into the contact of children directly or indirectly arouse a duty to keep children safe.And have the ability to recognise if a child is at risk of harm or abuse the local guidelines, policies and procedures have some clear guideline responsibility exist to ensure children are protected. The table below shows the English equivalent to the Department of Health, Social Services and worldly concern Safety(DHSPSS) which issues guidance for or four local health and social service boards in Northern Ireland. THE LINE OF RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE CHILDREN OR saved There is a multitude of services and people who work directly with children and are guided by regional policies such as professional nurses, doctors, social workers.Teachers, classroom assistants and education officers. Also th ose who offer leisure activities such as football coaches, piano teachers, drama club leaders and so forth all of which give need to be familiar with their settings/ brasss policy and procedures. The policy and procedures in my setting is also based on the guidance of the DHSPSS. It is made available for all in the setting to be made aware of and to know how to follow. Each setting including my own has a flow chart of steps to follow in the fountain of pretend abuse. ( please see copy of flow chart attached. The guidance in my setting are clear and if I had to report an incident of suspected abuse I would know who and how to report this. By following the flow chart guidelines I would be able to do the above in a professional manor keeping the childs best interest foremost. 1. 5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that cover data protection, education handling and sharing. My organisation and myself understand that data protectio n is a legal legislation where the information held on service users must be kept safe, must be accurate, kept up to date and used only as needed.In my work setting data protection is held very highly as the information held in the setting about service users may be of a very sensitive nature and not for public knowledge. Staff are required to complete mandatory training on confidentiality, and are aware of the consequences if they breach the policies and procedures of the organisation regarding data protection and confidentiality. As all information on a service user is covered by the data protection/ confidentiality policies there are times when this information can not be kept secret e. g. when abuse is suspected.There is procedures set up to pass this information on scarcely keeping it to a need to know bases. E. g. designated child protection officer who will then pass it on to the appropriate organisations. Social worker, police etc. CYP3. 3 LO 1. 1-5 Department of Education- overall responsibility for safeguarding and child protection in England Issue statutory and non statutory guidance to local government Local authorities use guidance to produce procedures for services and practitioners Services use basis for their own polices and procedures.

Chillers

A h impart-raiser is a machine that removes warming from a quiet via a vaporization-compression or concentration refrigeration cycle. A vapor-compression peeing chiller comprises the 4 major components of the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle (compressor, evaporator, capacitance, and rough form of metering device). These machines thunder mug implement a variety of refrigerants. Adsorption chillers use municipal pissing as the refrigerant and benign silica gel as the desiccant.Absorption chillers utilize irrigate as the refrigerant and rely on the strong relationship betwixt the piss system and a lithium commonplace solution to achieve a refrigeration effect. Most often, pure urine system is chilled, but this water may in like manner contain a percentage of glycol and/or corrosion inhibitors other fluids such as thin oils can be chilled as well. table of contents hide 1 Use in air conditioning 2 Use in industry 3 Vapor-Compression chiller engine room 4 How Ads orption Technology work 5 How Absorption Technology Works 5. 1 Industrial chiller technology Industrial chiller selection 7 Refrigerants 8 gossip also 9 References 10 External links edit Use in air conditioning In air conditioning systems, chilled water is classifiablely distributed to wake up exchangers, or coils, in air handling units, or other type of terminal devices which cool the air in its respective space(s), and then the chilled water is re-circulated stick out to the chiller to be cooled again. These shuddery coils transfer sensible shake up and latent heat from the air to the chilled water, thus cooling and normally dehumidifying the air stream.A typical chiller for air conditioning applications is rated between 15 to 1500 tons (180,000 to 18,000,000 BTU/h or 53 to 5,300 kW) in cooling capa urban center. Chilled water temperatures can clasp from 35 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit or 1. 5 to 7 degrees Celsius, depending upon application requirements. 1 2 edit Use in in dustry In industrial application, chilled water or other placid from the chiller is warmheartednessed through and through process or laboratory equipment. Industrial chillers be apply for controlled cooling of products, mechanisms and factory machinery in a wide range of industries.They are often used in the plastic industry in injection and blow molding, metal working cutting oils, welding equipment, die-casting and machine tooling, chemical substance processing, pharmaceutical formulation, food and beverage processing, paper and cement processing, vacuum systems, X-ray diffraction, power supplies and power generation stations, analytical equipment, semiconductors, compressed air and gas cooling. They are also used to cool high-heat specialized items such as MRI machines and lasers, and in hospitals, yearningels and campuses.The chillers for industrial applications can be centralized, where each chiller serves multiple cooling needs, or decentralized where each application o r machine has its own chiller. Each approach has its advantages. It is also possible to ingest a combination of some(prenominal) central and decentral chillers, especially if the cooling requirements are the same for some applications or points of use, but not all. Decentral chillers are usually little(a) in size (cooling talent), usually from 0. 2 tons to 10 tons. Central chillers generally have capacities ranging from ten tons to hundreds or thousands of tons.Chilled water is used to cool and dehumidify air in mid- to Brobdingnagian-size commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) facilities. Water chillers can be either water cooled, air-cooled, or evaporatively cooled. Water-cooled chillers incorporate the use of cooling broods which improve the chillers thermodynamic effectiveness as compared to air-cooled chillers. This is due to heat rejection at or near the airs wet-bulb temperature rather than the higher, sometimes much higher, dry-bulb temperature.Evaporatively c ooled chillers offer efficiencies better than air cooled, but lower than water cooled. Water cooled chillers are typically intended for indoor installation and operation, and are cooled by a separate condenser water loop and connected to overspread-air(prenominal) cooling looms to expel heat to the atmosphere. Air Cooled and Evaporatively Cooled chillers are intended for outdoor installation and operation. Air cooled machines are directly cooled by ambient air universe mechanically circulated directly through the machines condenser coil to expel heat to the atmosphere.Evaporatively cooled machines are similar, except they implement a mist of water over the condenser coil to aid in condenser cooling, making the machine more efficient than a traditional air cooled machine. No remote cooling tower is typically required with either of these types of packaged air cooled or evaporatively cooled chillers. Where available, cold water readily available in nearby water bodies might be use d directly for cooling, or to replace or supplement cooling towers. The Deep Lake Water Cooling System in Toronto, Canada, is an example.It dispensed with the need for cooling towers, with a significant cut in carbon emissions and energy consumption. It uses cold lake water to cool the chillers, which in turn are used to cool city buildings via a district cooling system. The return water is used to warm the citys drinking water supply which is desirable in this cold climate. Whenever a chillers heat rejection can be used for a productive purpose, in addition to the cooling function, very high thermal effectivenesses are possible. edit Vapor-Compression Chiller Technologythither are basically four different types of compressors used in vapor compression chillers Reciprocating compression, scroll compression, screw-driven compression, and centrifugal compression are all mechanical machines that can be provide by electric rams, steam, or gas turbines. They produce their cooling effec t via the reverse-Rankine cycle, also known as vapor-compression. With evaporative cooling heat rejection, their coefficients-of-performance (COPs) are very high and typically 4. 0 or more. In recent years, application of Variable Speed Drive (VSD) technology has increased efficiencies of vapor compression chillers.The first VSD was utilise to centrifugal compressor chillers in the late 1970s and has become the norm as the cost of energy has increased. Now, VSDs are being applied to rotary screw and scroll technology compressors. edit How Adsorption Technology Works Adsorption chillers are driven by hot water. This hot water may come from any number of industrial sources including waste heat from industrial processes, prime heat from solar thermal installations or from the exhaust or water jacket heat of a piston engine or turbine. The principle of adsorption is based on the interaction of gases and solids.With adsorption chilling, the molecular interaction between the solid and th e gas allow the gas to be adsorbed into the solid. The adsorption chamber of the chiller is filled with solid material, silica gel, eliminating the need for moving parts and eliminating the interference associated with those moving parts. The silica gel creates an extremely low humidity condition that causes the water refrigerant to evaporate at a low temperature. As the water evaporates in the evaporator, it cools the chilled water. The use of a benign silica gel desiccant keeps the maintenance costs and operating costs of adsorption chillers low. edit How Absorption Technology Works Absorption chillers thermodynamic cycle are driven by heat source this heat is usually delivered to the chiller via steam, hot water, or combustion. Compared to electrically powered chillers, they have very low electrical power requirements very rarely above 15 kW combined consumption for both the solution warmheartedness and the refrigerant pump. However, their heat input requirements are large, an d their COPs are often 0. 5 (single-effect) to 1. 0 (double-effect). For the same tonnage capacity, they require much larger cooling towers than vapor-compression chillers.However, absorption chillers, from an energy-efficiency point-of-view, excel where cheap, high grade heat or waste heat is readily available. In extremely sunny climates, solar energy has been used to persist absorption chillers. The single effect absorption cycle uses water as the refrigerant and lithium bromide as the absorbent. It is the strong affinity that these two substances have for one another that makes the cycle work. The entire process occurs in almost a complete vacuum. 1. Solution Pump A dilute lithium bromide solution is collected in the bottom of the absorber shell.From here, a hermetic solution pump moves the solution through a shell and tube heat exchanger for preheating. 2. Generator After exiting the heat exchanger, the dilute solution moves into the upper shell. The solution surrounds a bun dle of tubes which carries either steam or hot water. The steam or hot water transfers heat into the pool of dilute lithium bromide solution. The solution boils, sending refrigerant vapor upward into the condenser and leaving posterior concentrated lithium bromide. The concentrated lithium bromide solution moves overcome to the heat exchanger, where it is cooled by the weak solution being pumped up to the generator. . electrical condenser The refrigerant vapor migrates through mist eliminators to the condenser tube bundle. The refrigerant vapor condenses on the tubes. The heat is removed by the cooling water which moves through the inside of the tubes. As the refrigerant condenses, it collects in a trough at the bottom of the condenser. 4. Evaporator The refrigerant swimming moves from the condenser in the upper shell down to the evaporator in the lower shell and is sprayed over the evaporator tube bundle. Due to the extreme vacuum of the lower shell 6 mm Hg (0. kPa) absolute pressure, the refrigerant liquid boils at approximately 39F (3. 9C), creating the refrigerant effect. (This vacuum is created by hygroscopic action the strong affinity lithium bromide has for water in the Absorber directly below. ) 5. Absorber As the refrigerant vapor migrates to the absorber from the evaporator, the strong lithium bromide solution from the generator is sprayed over the top of the absorber tube bundle. The strong lithium bromide solution actually pulls the refrigerant vapor into solution, creating the extreme vacuum in the evaporator.The absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the lithium bromide solution also generates heat which is removed by the cooling water. The now dilute lithium bromide solution collects in the bottom of the lower shell, where it flows down to the solution pump. The chilling cycle is now completed and the process begins once again. edit Industrial chiller technology Industrial chillers typically come as complete packaged closed-loop syste ms, including the chiller unit, condenser, and pump station with recirculating pump, expansion valve, no-flow shutdown, internal cold water tank, and temperature control.The internal tank helps maintain cold water temperature and prevents temperature spikes from occurring. Closed loop industrial chillers recirculate a clean coolant or clean water with condition addititives at a constant temperature and pressure to increase the stability and reproducibility of water-cooled machines and instruments. The water flows from the chiller to the applications point of use and back. If the water temperature differentials between inlet and outlet are high, then a large external water tank would be used to store the cold water.In this case the chilled water is not going directly from the chiller to the application, but goes to the external water tank which acts as a sort of temperature buffer. The cold water tank is much larger than the internal water tank. The cold water goes from the external tank to the application and the return hot water from the application goes back to the external tank, not to the chiller. The less common open loop industrial chillers control the temperature of a liquid in an open tank or sump by constantly recirculating it. The liquid is drawn from the tank, pumped through the chiller and back to the tank.An adjustable thermostat senses the makeup liquid temperature, cycling the chiller to maintain a constant temperature in the tank. One of the newer developments in industrial water chillers is the use of water cooling instead of air cooling. In this case the condenser does not cool the hot refrigerant with ambient air, but uses water cooled by a cooling tower. This development allows a reduction in energy requirements by more than 15% and also allows a significant reduction in the size of the chiller due to the small surface area of the water based condenser and the absence of fans.Additionally, the absence of fans allows for significantly reduc ed noise levels. Most industrial chillers use refrigeration as the media for cooling, but some rely on simpler techniques such as air or water flowing over coils containing the coolant to regulate temperature. Water is the most commonly used coolant within process chillers, although coolant mixtures (mostly water with a coolant additive to enhance heat dissipation) are frequently employed. edit Industrial chiller selectionImportant specifications to occupy when searching for industrial chillers include the total life cycle cost, the power source, chiller IP rating, chiller cooling capacity, evaporator capacity, evaporator material, evaporator type, condenser material, condenser capacity, ambient temperature, motor fan type, noise level, internal piping materials, number of compressors, type of compressor, number of fridge circuits, coolant requirements, fluid discharge temperature, and COP (the ratio between the cooling capacity in RT to the energy consumed by the whole chiller in KW).For medium to large chillers this should range from 3. 5-7. 0 with higher values meaning higher efficiency. Chiller efficiency is often specified in kilowatts per refrigeration ton (kW/RT). Process pump specifications that are important to consider include the process flow, process pressure, pump material, elastomer and mechanical shaft seal material, motor voltage, motor electrical class, motor IP rating and pump rating. If the cold water temperature is lower than -5C, then a special pump needs to be used to be able to pump the high concentrations of ethylene glycol.Other important specifications include the internal water tank size and materials and full load amperage. Control panel features that should be considered when selecting between industrial chillers include the local control panel, remote control panel, breakout indicators, temperature indicators, and pressure indicators. Additional features include emergency alarms, hot gas bypass, city water switchover, and caste rs. edit Refrigerants A vapor-compression chiller uses a refrigerant internally as its working fluid.Many refrigerants options are available when selecting a chiller, the application cooling temperature requirements and refrigerants cooling characteristics need to be matched. Important parameters to consider are the operating temperatures and pressures. There are several environmental factors that concern refrigerants, and also affect the future availability for chiller applications. This is a key consideration in intermittent applications where a large chiller may last for 25 years or more. Ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) of the refrigerant need to be considered.ODP and GWP data for some of the more common vapor-compression refrigerants Refrigerant ODP GWP R-134a 0 1300 R-123 0. 012 120 R-22 0. 05 1700 R401a 0. 027 970 R404a 0 3260 R407a 0 R407c 0 1525 R408a 0. 016 3020 R409a 0. 039 1290 R410a 0 1725 R500 0. 7 R502 0. 18 5600 edit See also HVAC Cooling tower Evaporative cooling Chemical engineering Mechanical engineering Architectural engineering Building services engineering edit References American Society of Heating and refrigeration Enginneers http//www. ashrae. org/publications/page/158 Hydronika supplies 5 ton chiller units http//hydronika. com

Pink Dear Mr President Essay

-This refers to President Bushs widely debated No Child Left Behind program, in which federal living for schools is contingent on standardized test scores. The program has been praised by supporters for its aim to raise the bar for teachers and push for continued education, as well as its base of operations in literacy support and individual school accountability. It has also been berated for creating a narrow curriculum because of limited focus of the standardized tests, inadequate funding, allegations of test score employment and its clause to guarantee the facilitation of military recruitment during introductions to higher education. -This refers to President Bushs ada bitt pro-life stance. In accordance with the teachings of Bushs Wesleyan faith, President Bush believes that life begins at conception. Thitherfore, he has a track record of opposing all proposals that interfere with life before birth. This also includes approximately stem-cell research proposals.And what kind of father might hate his own daughter if she were gay?-Again, in accordance with standard Methodist teachings, Bush is opposed to homo unions. In particular, President Bush has pushed for the Marriage Protection Amendment, a piece of legislature which would define marriage as the union between a man and a woman. Bush has met controversy during his term when it was revealed that Dick Cheneys daughter was openly gay and having a child with her partner.I can only depend what the first lady has to sayYouve come a long way from whiskey and cocaine.-This refers to allegations that Bush had an affinity for alcohol in his youth. Pink refers to cocaine here because of Bushs supposed arrest and ensuing discovery of cocaine possession in 1972. Bush neither confirms nor denies these allegations, saying only when I was materialisation and irresponsible, I was young and irresponsible.Regardless of your political viewpoints, Pinks song is a thought provoking listen. While I have attempted to c ontinue neutral in this piece, the song stirs your opinion either to one side or the other. As it ends with the words, Dear Mr. President, youd never take a crack with me, would you? I urge you to use it to spur discussions of your own.

Article Rebutal Essay

The flu shot. Should you or shouldnt you approach one? That is a very common question to ask as flu season quickly approaches. The Mayo Clinic offers an article on their website stating that the best way to avoid the flu is primarily by bureau of vaccination. Does this mean one cannot avoid the flu if they simulatet receive the immunization? What happens to the people who cannot pass the shot, or those who cannot access the places to receive one? Is one to be plagued by sickness if they were to go against injecting the vaccination? duration the Mayo clinic itself is a reputable hospital and research facility, the article, Flu shot Your best estimate for avoiding influenza (Mayo 2012) offered no evidence or support for the claim. There was support for avoiding getting the flu, yet no proof that the shot itself would offer such protection. After further investigation, there were numerous studies repudiating the claims that are make regarding the efficacy of the flu shot. One su ch study (which was actually pro-vaccination) stated that the shot only provided anneal protection and was lacking in evidence in the 65 and up age range (Lancet). In another finding, namely the leaflet that comes inside the drugs packaging, the insert for FLULAVAL states there have been no controlled trials adequately demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with FLULAVAL. Then why take it?While the side effects of the flu shot can be mild such as fondness at the injection site or aching muscles, they can also be as heartrending as an allergic reaction causing, guess what, flu like symptoms. Who wants that? Plus there is the chance that the vaccines dont match the viruses circulating (Mayo). Now wait a minute, nearbody is predicting the upcoming viruses and then devising the immunization? How does that work? Are these same people consulting a crystal ball or ornamentation reading the other doctors and scientists by any chance?While it may be medically necessity for a person to receive an influenza vaccination while in a hospital position or nursing home, the bottom line is sick people get sick while well people do not. To avoid the flu this season, eat well, exercise regularly, manage stress and take some vitamins. Keep your hands clean by washing them regularly and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth whenever possible but especially if the hands are not clean. Prevention is still the best medicine and as Thomas Edison so fabulously quantified, The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest her or his patients in the care of the human frame, in a proper diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease.References(Sept. 2012) Mayo Clinic Staff. Flu shot Your best bet for avoiding influenza retrieved online from http//www.mayoclinic.com/wellness/flu-shots/ID00017(Jan 2012). The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pgs 36 44, retrieved online from http//www.naturalnews.com/033998_influenza_vacc ines_effectiveness.html(Oct 2011). Adams, M. Natural News, retrieved online fromhttp//www.naturalnews.com/033998_influenza_vaccines_effectiveness.html

BASF Case

When we spill the beans on BASFs efforts to restrict stakeholder pressure, the stakeholders, whom we are referring to, are the towns commission and its populace. The two firsthand efforts which BASF has made to resist their pressure are assuaging their fears and subverting their demands.Now, BASF attempted to their assuage fears by claiming no third society waste would be brought to this new waste facility. They too claimed that all waste, whether toxic or non-toxic, would be incinerated and, thus, should father no threat to the townspeople.Additionally, BASF released two printed volumes which detailed how the waste would be incinerated. And, repeatedly, the company assured the public that edifice the new engraft would create jobs and be perfectly safe for the community. They proclaimed that there would be no harmful effect on the environment now, nor at any time in the future. On the depravation end, BASF used many techniques. They cajoled the county commission into selling t he property without requiring appropriate background data and environmental information.Also, they change their proposal after submitting it to the town council, and the data which they released was highly suspect according to a local professor. They also used high powered lawyers in efforts to push through the lands sale and to prevail the appropriate environmental certification. This certification would allow the plants development to proceed. All of these tactics were a subversion of the local townspeoples trust and wishes. However, these have been relatively affective measures in resisting stakeholder pressure, and, likely, the plant will be built.

India: Foreign Trade Policy

India unconnected handle polityAlthough Indiahas steadily open up up its economy, its tariffs continue to be high when compared with other countries, and its investment norms are still restrictive. This leads some to debate India as a rapid globularizer while others still see it as a highly protectionist economy.Till the primordial 1990s, Indiawas a closed economy average tariffs exceeded 200 part,quantitative restrictions on importswere extensive, and there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment. The landed estate began to cautiously reform in the 1990s, liberalizing only under conditions of extreme necessity. Since that time, foxiness reforms deplete produced remarkable results. Indias sell to GDP ratio has increased from 15 percent to 35 percent of GDPbetween 1990 and 2005, and the economy is now among the fastest growing in the world.Average non-agricultural tariffs have fallen beneath 15 percent, quantitative restrictionson importshave been eliminated, and foreign investments norms have been relaxed for a number of sectors. Indiahowever retains its proper(a) to protect when need arises. Agricultural tariffs average between 30-40 percent, anti-dumping measures have been liberally used to protect trade, and the country is among the few in the world that continue to ban foreign investment in retail trade. Although this form _or_ system of government has been somewhat relaxed lately, it remains considerably restrictive.Nonetheless, in recent years, the governments stand on trade and investment policy has displayed a marked shift from protecting producers to benefiting consumers. This is reflected in itsForeign Trade Policy for 2004/09which states that, For India to become a major player in world trade we have also to despatch those imports which are required to stimulate our economy. Indiais now aggressively pushing for a more liberal globular trade regime, especially in services. It has assumed a leadership role among developing na tions in global trade negotiations, and played a critical part in the Dohanegotiations.Regional and Bilateral Trade AgreementsIndiahas recently signed trade agreements with its neighbors and is seeking new ones with the East Asian countries and the United States. Its regional and bilateral trade agreements or variants of them are at different stages of development * India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, * Trade Agreements with Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, China, and South Korea. * India-Nepal Trade Treaty, * Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) with Singapore. Framework Agreements with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Thailand and Chile. Preferential Trade Agreements with Afghanista, Chile, and Mercosur (the remainder mentioned is a trading zone between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay). World Bank InvolvementAs a number of research institutions in the country provide the Government with good, just-in-time, and low-cost analy tical advice on trade-related issues, the World Bank has focused on providing analysis on specialized subjects at the Governments request.In the last three years, the Bank has been working(a) with the Ministry of Commerce in a participatory manner to help the country develop an informed dodge for domestic reform and international negotiations. Given the sensitivity of trade policy and negotiation issues, the Banks role has been confined to providing better information and analysis than was previously available to Indias policymakers.World Bank ReportsOver the last two years, the World Bank has completed two reportsSustaining Indias Services Revolution Access to Foreign Markets, Domestic Reforms and International NegotiationThe study concludes thatto sustain the dynamism of Indias services sector, the country mustiness address two critical challenges externally, the problem of actual and potential protectionism and domestically, the persistence of restrictions on trade and investme nt, as well as weaknesses in the regulatory environment.From Competition at Home to Competing Abroad The Case of Horticulture in IndiaThis study finds that the competitiveness of Indias horticulture sector depends critically on efficient logistics, domestic competition, and the ability to abide by with international health, safety and quality standards. The study is based on primary surveysacross fifteen Indian States. A third study, dealing with barriers to the movement of professionals is under preparation.The Bank has also held a number of workshops and conferences with a view to providing different stakeholders with a forum to express their views on trade-related issues. Permanent URL for this pagehttp//go. worldbank. org/RJEB2JGTC0 Publications * Studies on India-Bangladesh Trade (Vol. 1 of 2) * Studies on India-Bangladesh Trade (Vol. 2 of 2) * Sustaining Indias Services Revolution * Home * Site make up * Index * FAQs * Contact Us * Search * RSS

Conquest of Panay and Other Islands Essay

Legaspis Cebu elimination had three important problems. First, there was a shortage of food and what the natives were used to eat was different from Spanish food. Second, misfortune struck the settlement. On November 1, 1565, a fire of unknown origin broke out in the settlement. Some twenty Spanish houses and the hut where masses were celebrated were burned. Third, the Spaniards were displeased with Legaspis order that no Spaniard should take anything from the Filipinos without paying for it. This, together with the shortage of food, led to a conspiracy on November 27 beneath the leadership of Pablo Hernandez. The captain of the San Pablo revealed the plot to the master-of-camp, Mateo de Saez. The latter immediately warned Legaspi, who lost no time in arrest the conspirators. Hernandez was beheadedthose were times of harsh justicebut the rest of the conspirators were pardoned.And fourth, Legaspi was also faced with the hostility of the Portuguese who did not enjoy Legaspis settlin g in Cebu. They sent ships to Cebu to spy on Legaspis activities. In 1568, and again the following year, a Portuguese captain, Gonzalo de Pereira, hinderd Cebu in order to starve the Spaniards. With the aid of the Cebuanos, however, Legaspi withstood the blockade and succeeded in forcing Pereira to lift the blockade and leave the Philippines.In the midst of all these problems, the first reinforcements from Mexico arrived in Cebu on board the galleon San Geronimo on October 15, 1566. This made Legaspi happy, for it brought not only the news that Urdaneta had safely arrived in Mexico but much-needed soldiers from Mexico as well.Later devil more galleons from Mexico arrived in Cebu on August 20, 1567, bringing additional reinforcements and supplies. They were commanded by two young grandsons of LegaspisFelipe de Salcedo, 20 years old, and Juan de Salcedo, 18.With these reinforcements, Legaspi sent out various explorations to the neighboring islands for the purpose of securing more f ood and establishing friendly relations with the datus of the different islands.Later Legaspi received the information that food was abundant in one of the islands in the north. In 1569 he directed his men to sail to Panay. There, on the banks of the Panay River, Legaspi founded the second Spanish settlement in the Philippines. As in Cebu, he won the friendship of the Panay inhabitants by his policy of attraction. many of these inhabitants were converted to Christianity by Augustinian missionaries. After that, Legaspi never encountered the problem of food shortage, for the natives brought the needed provisions to him.Legaspi was now throw to spread the rule of Spain to the other islands in the archipelago. With Cebu and Panay as bases, he ordered his men to explore the other Visayan islands. Captain Luis Enriquez de Guzman explored and conquered Masbate, Burias, and Ticao and claimed these for the Spanish crown. He got as far as the Bicol region, then known as Ibalon.In January 15 70 Legaspi sent his warlike grandson, Juan de Salcedo, on an expedition farther to the north. With forty Spanish soldiers and some 500 Visayans, Salcedo come at Ilin Island, just south of Mindoro, and took it for the king of Spain. From Ilin he sailed to another island, Lubang, northwest of Mindoro and close to the mouth of manila paper Bay. There he met stiff resistance from Muslim defenders. Salcedo subdued them and finally captured Mamburao. This brought the Spaniards almost to the entrance of manilla paper Bay. Salcedo then returned to Panay to report to his grandfather what he had done.

Architecture as a Means of Upliftment in South Africa

Architecture as a Means of Fulfillment in South Africa, post-apartheid Introduction The end of Apartheid allowed for new ways of describing public institutions according Togo Nero, in an interview for the minuscule Scale, Big Change exhibition. And as a result, architecture can be seen as a sum of cultural fulfillment in post- apartheid South Africa. So the question is, how does architecture light upon social turn and identity In this country? This a two-fold question.This essay will look to address this question, In an out declination and comparison of Joy Onerous vehement Location Museum In Port Elizabeth, and the Alexandra inheritance centre of attention in Johannesburg. We will offshoot with a brief history of apartheid, and the identifys, to put the grammatical constructions into context. Followed by a look at the purposes and concepts of the afore mentioned buildings. From there, we will address the structure and materials and go into an analysis and comparison of th e buildings, ending off with the buildings in the exemplify day.History South Africans entire history is plagued with issues and tensions over ethnicity. This is evident all the way back to the early 1 sass when the Dutch and English used the Cape as their stopover point, and began to colonies, forcing the native people (such(prenominal) as the San and Koki) from their homes, and claimed the land for themselves. Battling for land and ownership between the Dutch and the English went on for m whatever, more years, resulting In events such as the Boer War. In 1910, South Africa became a member of the British Commonwealth, with both parties sharing power.By the asses, the Nationalist troupe grew in strength resulting in them finally coming into power, and the start of apartheid in 1948. Apartheid resulted in many things, save the cost important factor was that of segregation of races, and classification. Different races were given different social argonas, occupations and beas to l ive. The years to hap were full of unhappiness, and withstand- both peaceful and non. Jumping ahead to 1990, we see the beginning of channelise- laws lifted, and constitutions redrawn. In 1994, South Africa maxim the election of their first b wishing president and the legal end to apartheid.New Brighton, Port Elizabeth Is one of the oldest black townships In South Africa, with the Red Location- so named after the old red corrugate barracks there- being the Much peaceful, non-violent protest happened, and it was here, in 1952 that a group of local anesthetic NC members marched through the Europeans Only jinx at the New Brighton Train Station. This was the start of many more acts of defiance. After forty- six years, apartheid ended, and the Red Location was chosen to be a site where history and the location itself, would be preserved. Alexandra Township, in Johannesburg was named a township in 1912.It was one of the few townships that was non demolished as a result of the Group Areas Act- the township was too frequently of an important d tumesceing house for people in the northern suburbs to mind comminute. However, the government found that Alex was over-populated, and so sought to forcedly remove people. This lead to many boycotts and protests in the area. Alex is an important part of the apartheid history, as important NC members lived there at one duration or an separate- such as Nelson Mandela. Alexandra Township today is a bustling and vibrant area, with an ongoing brook to develop and preserve it.Purpose and Concept In 1998, a national competition was held to design a precinct in the Red Location that would bring tourists into the area firstly, as advantageously as to preserve the history of the area. It was to imply new house, a library, art centre, impulsion and market hall, a conference centre, and obviously, the centre piece- a museum relate on apartheid. The winner of the competition was the Cape Town based, Nero Wolff Architects. T heir scheme would formalize a public space- something that was absentminded in Red Location.This plaza would be at the centre of the precinct- the intersection between the two roadstead make waterd in the design. As well as this, there were a few factors that put it above the other entries firstly, great care and thought was put into the call of the design- not only does it blend in with the industrial buildings in the area, but it is considerate of the scale of the township itself. The second point is its aesthetic- the language is straightforward, and the buildings celebrate the cut-and-dry materials- like concrete and corrugated iron.This overall scheme does however, have a slight industrial aspect to it- which is deliberate in tying the building into its site. And the last thing was that the building had a unique onrush to preserving the history, and courting whatever exhibits it would house- all of which creates a memory evolving or so the struggle for freedom, alternati vely than apartheid itself. In 2001, the Alexandra touristry Development Project (ATOP) was founded, by the Sauting Tourism Authority, in the hopes to develop a number of tourism facilities and stem with emphasis on the heritage of the area, and to bring in tourism.Time, effort and money were similarly put into upgrading the housing in the area- and this has been a hugely successful project, major improving the lives of the people that live there. And this was a gigantic stimulant when it came to the Heritage Centre- it essential serve primarily as a resource for the conjunction they must be incentive of as essential and integral parts of the urban and social fabric of Alexandra preferably than simply as an attraction for visitors. Anyone Duggan, project something that asshole plentiful took into account, in his design- which we will discuss later.The Alexandra Heritage Site serves of importly as a venue space- where meetings, exhibitions and classes can be held. There w ill withal be a permanent exhibition, showing the history, and stories of the area, as well as artworks and photographs. But according to Peter Rich, the most important feature is that it is a place where the older generations can tell their stories and record their memories. query in Convey, online magazine, 2011-1) Structure, Materials and the Building Process For the purpose of this essay, I will focus mainly on the Museum itself, rather than the entire Museum of Struggle Precinct.In the Red Location Museum, the building itself only serves to house and protect the exhibits- the cardinal corrugated memory boxes (more later) hold all the significance and meaning. The building is designed to evoke little emotion, which goes to strengthen ones hump of the interior. This building is an example of a massive concrete structure- built from pre-cast concrete elements, and in-situ elements, such as the columns- which bring a sense of permanence to the building. Other than its sheer vol ume, perhaps the most important morphological feature is the roof.For their initial design, Nero Wolff looked to anti-apartheid protest art for clues. In the painting shown, the three seminal building types are evident, the double story school building, the box-house and the saw- tooth roofed factory. The saw-tooth is an image strongly associated with the factory, and during the times of apartheid, the factory was associated with polite virtue, as it as the trade unions that helped shape the internal struggle for freedom. Civic buildings at that time were as well as images of apartheid, so Nero Wolff wanted to create a distinction.So the Museum was designed with a saw-tooth roof- which besides offered good lighting and breathing opportunities. The Alexandra Heritage Centre primarily used red steel girders, brick and poly- carbonate sheeting, giving it a visible light appearance than the Museum- especially because it also bridges across the road, which creates an observation de ck overlooking the township. Peter Rich describes it as having an ad-hoc esthetics (Interview in Convey, online magazine, 2011-1) which is influenced by the surrounding without being patronizing.It has a civic feel, but motionless blends into the township- much like the Red Location. Peter Rich also sort ideas out from the people- he washed-out a great deal of time observing daily routines and such of the area, and used this to influence the design. both buildings used local labor. Alex not only used local labor in the construction, but also in the smaller details, like the glasswork in the windows. The Red Location used 50% local labor, and every three months, new people were brought in- trained ND put to work. This offered much in the line of employment.Analysis and Comparison which houses a library and the exhibition space and offers views of the surrounding houses. The building has many opportunities for transparency- from the entrance, you can happen below into the public sp aces, outside next to the road and in the interior, the planes are interlinking. There are also ambiguous internal spaces- this allows for great flexibility in purpose- they were designed to be able to house governmental as well as social events. Another dimension is added, under the bridge- this space is owe redefined as street.Because of the polycarbonate sheeting and glasswork, the building gets good daylight- which is important if the space is to be utilized for workshops and such. As one enters the Red Location Museum, one is brought from the large sweeping veranda, to the entrance hall- which takes you from the informal exterior to formal interior, with its large volume. The entrance hall serves as a transition space. The entrance also houses the auditorium, which can be accessed from both sides. From here, the causa is directed via a row of tall concrete columns which are the first splay- the walk of heroes.These bring you into the main exhibition space- which is initially concealed- this was deliberate, to bring in a sense of mysteriousness. The main exhibition space houses twelve towering rusted corrugated structures- the memory boxes which relate back to the actual memory boxes which were treasured items during apartheid. through and through these boxes, the exhibitions could be curates through themes. Each box is different on the inside, housing an exhibit. The memory box, is supposed to set up history, while outside of the museum is the present.The space inebriate- the twilight zone- is the transitional space, where past is lost to present. And it is in this space, which one moves around in the museum- choosing your own path and therefore creating your own understanding and story. This is achieved through a deliberate lack of hierarchy- the boxes are placed in a grid. The townships share similar histories, so it is only natural that any public buildings within them would have similarities. The obvious difference is their function, but other than that, these buildings share similar approaches, labor strategies, reasons for materiality.But the biggest similarity is that they both have a positive impact on their locations, and are strong beacons towards a better future and a new identity. The Buildings in Present Day The Alexandra Heritage Centre, after many years of delays and budget problems, is near to completion. Of course, projects to uplift and rejuvenate the area are still on going. Tours are given of Alexandra regularly (called shoo left(s)) which include visits to Mandelas Yard and the Heritage Centre. From the limited resources available, it is evident that the community think this building is a huge success- which is the most important opinion.It will take a few years, and more rejuvenation of the area, to bring in the amount of tourism that the ATOP hope to bring in, however. The museum. Currently, the next phases- the art gallery and the library/archive are completed- with minor interior issues still to be resol ved- these are not clear-cut to the public yet. Future plans for the site include more, higher density housing, and an arts school- which will include a theatre which can bring in more involvement from the community.The precinct is very successful- it brings in tourist attention, the community love it and make use of it on a daily basis. On a larger scale, the Museum does much to rejuvenate South Africa, in post-apartheid times. Conclusion When asked, how does architecture affect social change and identity in this country, one needs to look at why it is necessary to uplift the community and why perhaps, is change needed. It is evident that huge change was required after apartheid to begin to heal this country, and one of the biggest tools the apartheid government had to curb people, was space.Through the two public buildings that were compared, we can see how this country, through architecture, has begun to correct itself. These buildings are not patronizing to anyone- not any rac e or class- and aside from their obvious functions, they bring about new change and identity to their respective communities. We can successfully reach this conclusion now, as we know the background and context, and are well acquainted with the buildings through an understanding of structure, materials, purpose and concept.As with most things, change is ongoing, and the Red Location Precinct and Alexandra Heritage Centre are testament to this. As a young architect in South Africa, it is clear to me, that to create successful public buildings, a good understanding of the surrounding context, community and history is obvious, as well as an understanding that the architects role is to create spaces- and that space can have a huge affect on people, and that it is our duty to shape this space as best to assist the community as possible.

Economics _ Whither the Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics _ Whither the Dollar - Essay ExampleBoth see the sine qua non for international cooperation in determining currency deputize rates under appropriate circumstances and some(prenominal) provide the ability to alter exchange rates under certain circumstances. However, they also recognize the foul aftermath of freely flexible exchanges on international trade and economic relations generally, and their chief exercise is to create and maintain a administration of stable exchange rates. And yet, the Keynes remains had some radical ideas that went wholly contrary to snow-whites conservative plan. Unlike Whites theory, where member-countries would deposit their currencies, and together with the government fund then provide the currencies undeniable by each country for settling its international account, the Keynes plan provides an international clearing, where no funds atomic number 18 deposited. Instead, international payment would be effected by debiting the paying coun try and crediting the receiving country on the books of the union. (The Keynes and White Plans) Keynes proposed the establishment of an International Clearing Union, based on international bank money, called (let us say) bancor , ?xed (but not unalterably) in terms of gold and accepted as the equivalent of gold by the British Commonwealth and the unify States and all members of the Union for the purpose of settling international balances. (Keynes, 1980, p.121) The basic idea is simple. Countries would have accounts that would play the equivalent role as reserves, (mainly gold in the early 20th century) and dollars or other foreign exchange currencies. With the account at the International Clearing Union countries do not have to shore up these reserves. They are free to take a loan from the International Clearing Union in generation of need and lend if they export more than they import. The de?ation bias caused by trapped reserves, which cannot turn into meaningful demand, would d isappear. To forbid accumulation credits or debits Keynes also suggested some measures so in the long run the system self-balance itself. The outcome of the negotiations was the new Bratton Woods system. This system incorporated points, where both plans agreed. Yet, because of the USAs greater negotiating strength, the final decisions of the new system were closer to the conservative plans of Harry Dexter White. According to US economist Brad DeLong, on just about every point where Keynes ideas were canceled by the Americans, he was later proved correct by events of history. The Primary certain Causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008 According to the article Whither the Dollar by Katherine Sciacchitano, there are a few reasons and events, which triggered the fountain stages of the financial crisis of 2008. The first is the elimination of capital control. This deepened economic stability in many ways - It do it easier for capital to search for the lowest possible wages - It incre ase the political power of capital by enabling it to vote with its feet - It fed asset bubbles, increase financial speculation and exchange rate bounce. This increased unregulated capital mobility and speculation weakened the real economy, further exhausted global demand and increased economic instability. As we can see from history, from the eighties on up in countries all some the world an economic crises have occurred about every five years. Another reason of the 2008