Reflection on the Evolution of Resilience Free Essay Example, 1500 words

It is really quite essential to state that Werner (1989) briefly noted the need to evaluate intervention programs in greater depth to determine more accurately how these programs could effectively assist children identified to be vulnerable and at high risk to develop resilience despite adversities. Finally, it is one s personal contention that the lessons provided by both Werner (1989) and Walsh s (2002) studies on protective factors and key processes to develop human resilience are instrumental in recognizing the most effective interventions that could determine the success or failure of people at risk through life. These lessons are most interesting in terms of providing information which is beneficial and applicable in contemporary and future settings, as practitioners in psychology realize that theories and concepts on human resilience continue to evolve through time. As more families and societies encourage independence of children from parents, lessons gained on protective fa ctors and key processes help to recognize that most of the factors continue to change through developments in the external environment. Therefore, one firmly believes that aside from focusing on the ability to identify these protective factors, practitioners must assume a proactive stance in anticipating how future trends in the global environment would influence and affect these key processes and how these would influence human resilience in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on the Evolution of Resilience or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page (2) Does the stainless steel metaphor suggest that only the lucky few are resilient because they carry a particular trait or personality characteristic?

Gen200 Continuing Academic Success Essay - 1253 Words

Academic Success xxxx University of Phoenix GEN200 – Foundations for General Education xxxx xxxx Academic Success Technology and industry is growing at an ever increasing rate, and each year there are new devices or concepts adopted by business wanting to be on the cutting edge. Workers and leaders also need to stay on the cutting edge as well if they desire to excel in their careers. Often, this means that the working adult will return to a learning environment to earn a certification or degree in their field. Returning to school can be tough in these economically changing times; however, successful adult students will establish clear educational goals to gain higher responsibility and pay increases in their current†¦show more content†¦These smaller goals can span any amount of time, short-term or long-term (Massey, 2014). Having smaller sub-goals will help make the main goal appear more achievable, and celebrating the completion of each of these sub-goals will serve as a catalyst to keep the student excited and motivated as they continue along their educational journey (Williams, 2014). By not setting smaller goals and missing larger goals, students will get discouraged and feel like failures (Williams, 2011). To travel more smoothly along their educational journey, it is also helpful to students to have a good understanding of their personal learning style. For example, I have discovered that I learn best by reading, audio or demonstrational video. In sitting through a lecture, I find myself easily distracted by the presenter’s mannerism or style. Having good reading resources, listening to recorded lectures, or viewing technical videos allows me to productively maintain my focus. Others may not be as comfortable with reading, and would prefer learning in a live lecture environment. Knowing their learning style and using it to their advantage will provide the student with the assurance that they will learn productively and stay on track with their goals. An excellent approach toward reaching educational goals is to utilize the many rich resources available to college students today. These resources can be both internal and external to the school environment. Using any or all of theseShow MoreRelatedGen 200 Personal Responsibility Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Responsibility Goes Hand-in-Hand with Success GEN200 September 30, 2012 1 I define personal responsibility as being in charge of myself. Personal responsibility goes hand-in-hand with success because it is possible to fail if I am undisciplined with my time management. Being undisciplined can cause me to procrastinate. Maintaining good health is vital to my academic success. I must be aware of the consequences of managing my health poorly. Controlling stress levels ensures that I am

Problems with Public Schools Essay - 4426 Words

Problems with Public Schools In order to fully understand the issue of school vouchers, we must examine first the current situation in public schools and identify the problems. Then, we must look at the effect vouchers will have on these problems. Finally, we must discuss the objections to vouchers leveled by their main political opponents. In order to examine the potential benefits of school choice, we must first look to the current situation in American education. Public schools today are in a state of crisis, while access to private schools is diminished because the private schools cannot adequately sell what some are giving away for free. The organizational structure of these public schools is inherent to the centralized and†¦show more content†¦As Tyson put it, ?To many in the business and policy communities, it was certainly unfortunate if Johnny couldnt read, hut it was a national disaster if he couldnt satisfy the job [requirements] of the American economy.? Beyond the area of skills-based education, public schools are sadly lacking in liberal arts education. It is well known that education in the US has fallen behind many other countries internationally. We are behind most other countries in both science and math education (Morrone 2000, U.S. EPA 1996). More specifically, the US ranks 18th out of 21 countries in math as a result of the dominance of progressive education techniques replacing traditional learning (Bernstein 2000). Even here in college, where the students represented are among the top in the nation, problems with objective math prevail. Baya Tuvshintugs, one of the international students on our debate team recalls her shock as she tutored college students in math, saying, ?I was teaching college students 4th grade math.? The Ayn Rand Institute (2000) puts it best, saying, ?American education is in ruins. Students can?t read, write, add or think?. Parents who can afford to, send their children to private schools, in t he desperate hope of finding sane teaching?. More than ever, employers are left to pick up the pieces, training school graduates in the basic skills necessary for working life.? These problems are exacerbated for African-Americans. AccordingShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of The Problem Of Public Schools776 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1: DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Introduction Education is the foundation of success. â€Å"The operation and oversight of public schools in the United States is typically the responsibility of states and local communities†. (Anderson, L.) Parents make decisions about their children s education with the hope that they are receiving a quality education that prepares them for college and eventually a successful career. The amount of funding available for education influences the effectiveness andRead MorePublic Schools Are the Problem, Private Schools are the Solution1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthat public schools are not living up to parent’s expectations. The standards which the public schools that today’s parents, and their parents, attended are quiet different from the ones their children are now attending. It is widely felt that public schools are not performing their basic civil duties. With this, parents are now taking their children’s education and future into their own hands, and doing so quit e efficiently. Many parents are turning to alternative means of educating to school theirRead MoreProblems Faced By The Public School System1135 Words   |  5 PagesIssue and importance There is widespread discrimination within the public school system, due to differences in funding for schools. Children who attend schools in poor communities are receiving less funding while the opposite is true of wealthy children. This situation is resulting in a glass ceiling effect that stops poor children from pursuing a higher education. A lack of quality education results in a population that fails to overcome the boundaries that maintain them within a chain of povertyRead More Problems with Teacher Evaluations in Public Schools Essay1973 Words   |  8 Pagesscrutiny. Major reform efforts are taking place to improve the process. Traditional teacher evaluations are no longer considered satisfactory. Such evaluations typically occur one or two times a year and are administered, in most cases, by the school principal. There are many reasons why traditional teacher evaluations are looked down upon. One of the reasons is because of the fact they are done so infrequently. Very little can be observed regarding the teaching and learning processes (O’DonovanRead MoreU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spending money on food can be expensive, the governmentRead MoreShould Changes Be Made to the Regulations for Foods, Served in Public Schools?1058 Words   |  5 PagesShould changes be made to the regulations for foods, served in public schools? Introduction Regulations for foods, served in public schools are a matter of great concern as it is essential for the purpose of creating a healthier lifestyle for children studying in public schools. The government has supported several children through the free education and free food program. But the quality of this food is not at par with the standard of the food quality approved by nutritionistsRead MoreOrganizational Culture Of Saginaw Public School1007 Words   |  5 PagesFrom going over the problems and possible solutions while considering the participants and the organizational culture of Saginaw Public School District the next step is to come up with a decision. In January of 2013 when the State of Michigan Department of Education wrote a letter to Saginaw Public Schools saying that they had to come up with a definite plan to decrease the deficit the district decided to close one of the middle schools and have both high schools with 8th through 12 grade. TheRead MoreThe Teache rs Of Detroit s Public1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reason why they have been claiming all these sick days. Actually, the teachers of Detroit aren’t sick with the flu. The teachers of Detroit are sick of the state their schools are in. The state of Detroit’s Public Schools is terrible. The teachers of Detroit aren’t exactly helping with the state of Detroit’s Schools. Sickouts have bee done before and they aren’t helpful. The legality of sickouts is being questioned and they may not be around much longer. The teachers of Detroit may not makeRead MorePrivate Education in Comparison to Public Education Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesa private high school or some form of private schooling, what if I were to tell you that the number of private schools in America are decreasing as well as their enrollment? B. Thesis: Environment plays a role in our learning, and the environment found in private schools are much better when compared with public schools. C. Reason to listen: We are all students. And education past, present, and future has an impact on us all. In our future when it comes time to choosing schools for our kids we’llRead More Home Schooling Essays1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthan at school (Withrow, 1999; Cromwell, 1998; Lines, 1995). An alternative definition would be, parents choosing the schooling for their children (What is Homeschooling, 2000). Home schooling started thirty years ago because of two men, Raymond Moore and John Holt. Both men felt that the public education system was wrong and emerged as founders of the homeschooling movement in America. Moore believed that children were being pushed in school to learn

Study questions Essay - 1333 Words

Anthr 110 Gender, Age and Culture Instructor: Franà §ois Larose Study Questions Fall 2012 Instructions: In preparation for the exams, here is a list of study questions for each chapter. What you need to know from the text is covered in these questions. For all these chapters, you need to be familiar with the definitions (technical terms) highlighted in the text. Also, while there will be no direct questions on the grey boxes in these chapters, I strongly suggest you read them. They provide real-life examples of the concepts discussed in the chapter and you might be asked to provide examples in the exams. You can use these examples if appropriate. Reading the textbook is not just a matter of memorizing. Understanding the†¦show more content†¦9. What are the critiques of the public/private dichotomy? 10. Summarize Weber’s, Gramsci’s and Foucault’s models. Chapter 9. Embodying Politics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. How is the perception of the body a cultural construct? Explain the different forms of social control of the body? Why does it primarily impact women? How can the body be constructed or used symbolically? How is embodiment affected by culture? How has medicine created different perceptions of the body? What is the commodification of the body? How does it impact men and women? How does it vary cross-culturally? Anthr 110 Gender, Age and Culture Instructor: Franà §ois Larose Study Questions Fall 2012 Chapter 10. Minding Gender and Difference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain the differences between personalities, identities and subjectivities. Summarize Freud’s, Mead’s and Chodorow’s models. What are the critiques of the models? How are identities shaped? How are subjectivities different from identities? How does the study of language help understand the construction of identities? Chapter 11. Reproducing Gender and Difference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How are sex and sexuality socially constructed? What does the cross-cultural study of sex and sexuality reveal? What are the effects of discourses on sexuality? How does the sex/gender system help our understanding of sexuality? How is reproduction politicallyShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions1940 Words   |  8 Pagesa. Is Mercury an appropriate target for AGI? Why or why not? b. Review the projections by Liedtke. Are they appropriate? How would you recommend modifying them? c. Estimate the value of Mercury using a discounted cash flow approach and Liedtke’s base case projections. c. Do you regard the value you obtained as conservative or aggressive? Why? e. How would you analyze possible synergies or other sources of value not reflected in Liedtke’s base assumptionRead MoreQuestion case study Essay681 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ List questions Case Studies Bella Healthcare India 2012, HBS #4441 STRAT MAGT – Internationalization; product development; â€Å"local for local† strategy UD: 12/12/2012 Overview and Objectives: The case traces the path taken by an overseas operation from low cost manufacturing to higher value-added activities such as RD. It asks students to consider the factors driving the evolution and this timing and circumstances that would make it successful. It creates the opportunity toRead MoreCase study discussion questions1663 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study Discussion Questions for Case Studies in Entrepreneurial Management and Finance Professor Edward H. Chow Spring 2013 1. (2/20) Introduction and get acquainted: Entrepreneurship and finance Lecture and discussion: A perspective on Entrepreneurship, Howard H. 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Walmart and KFC Competitive Strategy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Walmart and KFC Competitive Strategy. Answer: Introduction It is required that one choses two organization for the purpose of development of this paper. In further context one needs to make an effective analysis of this two organizations by looking at some of the strategies and theories they apply. Therefore, in my case I choose Walmart and Google. My first focus will be on Walmart. Walmart as it is popularly known evolved from Sam Walton who had great goals and values about customer service. Mr. Walton had the belief of leadership via service. The belief of genuine administration relies upon willing administration which was enter rule in working of Walmart, this choice drove the organization which made it go for more than 50 years (Corporate, 2011). The reason behind me choosing Walmart is because it changed the face of retail business. Additionally, the aspect of Sam Walmart doing the unexpected by building his business by offering low prices and great service. The aspect of the strategies it applied is also one that made me focus on Walmart. Now lets look at how Walmart was able to achieve its current standing in the retail corporation system. First, lets consider the CAGE for international business aspect. Scholars such as (Pacelle, 2016) argued that Walmart would battle when they exited Arkansas and got to places like Alabama which was 600 miles from Arkansas. They, we further discouraged that their strategy would fail in New Jersey and New York. But, the management to the organization believed that using the CAGE aspect their business model would perform well both at home and overseas despite the sceptics back home. As of 2004, we observe that Walmart was able to make high profits in countries that resemble United States along administration, geography, culture and economic dimension, whereas in countries without these aspects became unprofitable. Therefore, the CAGE aspect enabled them in identifying the regions that they should create investments in, as for those countries with different kind of CAGE elements they h ad to look for other strategies. Hence, consideration of the CAGE aspect has made them relevant in the retail business industry. The company had also developed some strategies for running their business which has made them very competitive in their industry. For instance, in acquiring Wal-Mart acknowledged scale economies in getting on account of its more than 50 percent bit of the general business position in discount retailing. Notwithstanding the way that Wal-Mart may be the best customer for buyer thing creators, it deliberately did not end up being too much dependent on any one shipper (no single vender constituted more than 4 percent of its general purchase volume). Further, Wal-Mart had impacted its around 3,000 venders to have electronic "catch ups" with stores to diminish general demand area and dealing with costs for itself and its vendors (Casadesus-Masanell Heilbron, 2015). This made them aggressive contrasted with their adversary associations. Another business innovation they had was that, in the early years, Wal-Mart's procedure was to construct extensive rebate stores in little country towns. The areas brought about lower working costs, particularly finance and lease. Contenders, for example, Kmart, which were centred on extensive towns with populaces of more than 50,000, overlooked Wal-Mart (Varadarajan, 2017). This fabricated powerful section hindrances as it turned out to be exceedingly uneconomical for contenders to enter locales Wal-Mart had officially soaked. Hence, this strategy made them to remain relevant till now the in the retail industry. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) tends to be one of the remarkable fast food outlets worldwide with the subject "It's finger lickin' unbelievable. It was established by Colonel Harland. It has incomprehensible tasting chicken which has ended up being synonymous with KFC and has been delighted in by individuals now and into the not all that far off comprehensive. The piece of the having a framework which empowers them to work comprehensive is the reason for me picking it as a logical examination affiliation. Concerning the system being used. KFC applies the impediment structure while plotting the menu in KFC as a strategy to deal with oversee consent to the district taste and culture by other than offering meat based things, for instance, ground sirloin sandwiches or kebabs, pork based things, for instance, ribs and other nearby fragment. On the other hand, in light of the present market change in China, KFC have acclimatized the Chinese social parts into its western affiliation style, thusly confining a between social affiliation mode. China's advantageous cash related progress has opened its entryway for the fast-food industry and draw in KFC to utilize avoidance framework to let Chinese to have the opportunity to encounter western way of life with standard Chinese social implanted in it (Curtis and McCluskey, 2007). At appear, there are more than 1,000 restaurants in China and they are right now connecting at the rate of regular 200 stores for reliably. In 2010, Yum! Brand, the parent relationship of KFC Corporation expects 36% of their general $2 billion working central focuses from 3700 diners in China. The achievement of KFC in China has lead Yum! Brand Inc to be the best remote relationship in China with 40% bit of the general business beating contenders such as McDonalds (Turner, 2011). Hence, the affiliation mode applied KFC has shown that the connection has the versatility to fit in with different social and customary changes making them critical in the sustenance business. The company also has efficient business policies for their employees. To start with, in regards to inspiration factors, KFC gives its representatives adaptable working hours which may affect staff inspiration. In addition, KFC is so mindful about the significance of acknowledgment which is viewed as one of the greatest desire of workers; subsequently, KFC for the most part perceives its representatives by complimenting for better execution joined by pay rises, welcoming them to decent places outside, sorting out festivals for enormous accomplishments, and other group building exercises, and so forth. As to and development, KFC additionally executes preparing programs for its workers and gives them advancement openings (Hossain, 2012). Second, in connection to cleanliness factors, as specified above, KFC offers advancement and improvement approaches for its staff. Moreover, KFC dependably tries to make agreeable condition amongst supervisors and representatives. Chief's criticism is l ikewise viewed as one of the powerful factors to the level of worker inspiration. References Bell, D.E. and Shelman, M.L., 2011. KFC's radical approach to China. Hossain, E., Han, Z. and Poor, H.V. eds., 2012.Smart grid communications and networking. Cambridge University Press. Turner, M., 2011. Diploma in Business and Administrative Management. Curtis, K.R. and McCluskey, J.J., 2007. Consumer preferences for western-style convenience foods in China.China Economic Review,18(1), pp.1-14. Casadesus-Masanell, R. and Heilbron, J., 2015. The business model: Nature and benefits. InBusiness models and modelling(pp. 3-30). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Pacelle, W., 2016.Humane Economy. HarperCollins Publishers. Varadarajan, R., 2017. Innovating for sustainability: a framework for sustainable innovations management and a model of sustainable innovations orientation.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(1), pp.14-36. Corporate, W., 2011. History timeline.

Perceived Affect Relationship Of Switching -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perceived Affect Relationship Of Switching? Answer: Introduction The advance in social media application development caused the new paradigm of e-commerce represented in the social commerce. Social media applications facilitate on-line shopping activities of products and services. Business organizations have to develop their websites on social media, according to consumer preferences to facilitate their transaction in the social context. Social commerce brings e-commerce to the social media context and the social media at the same time could be transferred to the e-commerce website. Although social commerce mainly refers to practicing e-commerce activities within the social media context. Social commerce is mainly dedicated to the social activities as collaboration, information sharing and networking(Huang Benyoucef, 2015). The social interaction of users is due to the wide spread of the social networking sites. Consumers are free to join the social groups of their choice, communicate, share information, knowledge and practices with each other. This social interaction influences the buying behavior of users according to the perceived information from their friends. The social commerce empowered buyers over the sellers. The social support is likely to increase the social commerce activities and influence more buyers, as users make informed contributions among social groups. These interactions are analyzed by business organizations to know the buyers' attitudes and predict their future activities (Hajli Sims, 2015). This report mainly focuses on the opportunities and challenges of the social electronic commerce. It consists of three parts, the first part discusses the possible opportunities of social electronic commerce, the second part analyses the possible problems of social electronic commerce. The third part introduces strategies to reduce risks in social commerce. Opportunities of social electronic commerce The increasing number of social media applications created many opportunities for organizations to developed business models based on the concept of electronic commerce (e-commerce). Social commerce provides a marketplace for users to sell their products on line. Many companies use the social commerce as, Yahoo, eBay and Amazon, as they got the opportunity of user participation to create value from the social networks. The social commerce provides a user centered environment, which creates social interaction as it motivates the users to shop together, which create advantage to the seller represented in increased sales volume, higher level of user engagement and creates strong relations between the organization and the customer (Huang Benyoucef, 2015). Social commerce encourages organizations to provide high quality products, increase the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and analyze users'preferences to predict the future trends of the market. The social media changed both of the consumer and the companies' roles as the electronic word of mouth marketing has developed. As the word of mouth marketing changed the way the consumers behave is also changed (Jim, et al., 2015). The key to successful social commerce is the social influence of the customers. As the social support from other encourages the user influence to the product. This influence is the driver of the customer decision of buying the product (Wanga Yu, 2017). As a social marketplace, social media encourage users to share information and experiences about shopping products which affects the decisions of their peers.Information sharing between consumers on social media takes place before and after shopping online. It can take the form of rating recommendation or review of the seller or the product. There are a variety of activities that could take place in the social media marketplace as pre-shopping activities, the decision making of shopping and evaluation after-shopping. Accordingly organizations can benefit from these activities in creating their business strategies to improve their performance (Lin, et al., 2017). Social aspect of online shopping Shopping by nature is considered a social activity. The social commerce provides escrow services and accepts guarantees transactions done with the credit card. Social media channel strengths the social nature of the shopping activities in the online shopping activity. It also allows the organizations to take the initiative of the social interaction and to manage the interaction with the customers.Social commerce focuses on the social activities as collaboration and information sharing, unlike the e-commerce, which mainly focuses on the shopping activities.When buyers access the products from social media applications, they can get the information they need from other shoppers' experiences and they gain more knowledge about the purpose of the purpose of their shopping and to make accurate purchasing decision (Lu, et al., 2016). Social resources as a predictor of consumer expertise The information resources available on the social media, when the consumer interacts with one of its applications he can get the information needed to make the buying decision. The type of information the consumers' access to gain knowledge enables the seller to differentiate between the beginner and the expert consumer. Analytics tools can provide the organizations with the type of consumers and their preferences (Barrutia, et al., 2016). Technological support to social commerce The on-line shopping through social media is different from the shopping experience in the offline context. The social commerce provides buyers with informational and emotional support. But in the online context, people do not have human interaction. The technology of social commerce is represented in applications and web 2.0 technologies which influence consumers to participate in blogs, communities and forums. The variety of technological platforms attracts different styles of users, which creates an opportunity for business organizations to choose their target customers (Hajli, 2013). Factors that influence consumer intention in social commerce and creates opportunities for the business organization According toAkman Mishra (2017), the consumer driving factors towards social commerce are as follows: Using social commerce involves security aspects, as consumers need to feel that their transactions are secure. Securing the user access increases the opportunity for shopping and risk reduction. Quality also plays a vital role in making shopping decisions. Trust in the product quality creates reliability. It is important to provide an easy access and make the shopping process enjoying to the shoppers in order to attract them. The easiness and enjoyment assist in the user engagement in the technology mechanism. The social pressure affects the consumers in a positive way when they find support from trusted people within the social network and accordingly, the opportunity of their engagement increases. It is important to shoppers to be satisfied when using the information and communication technology. As social network is the platform, where communication takes place between users and it should be developed on a regular basis to attract users. Also, users should be involved in the development process to ensure that the application satisfies their needs. Satisfaction involves easiness, usefulness, expectations and experiences. Small companies can make use of advanced technology in promoting their products to be able to compete globally and take the opportunity that the social commerce offers to them. They should adopt strategies to promote their brands through social networks. It is important for business organizations to be ethical in their presence on the social network as the perceived ethics affect the shoppers' response and enables better sharing of information among users. Problems of social electronic commerce It is a challenging task for business organizations to make their social platform socially accepted. Organizations have to add features to fulfil the user needs. These features include the logo of the brand, recommended products, reviews and feedback, customized products and discounts. It is important for business organizations to understand the market needs and consumer expectations. The social commerce website of the seller should be evaluated according to users' perspectives of the required social features. The absence of this analysis will lead to the failure of the business strategy of social commerce as it should be based on actual, quality and timely information(Huang Benyoucef, 2015). Trust in social commerce: Almost all of the economic transactions are built on trust. The social commerce platform lacks the rules so users tend to trust the seller when taking the shopping decision. Trust is also the most important factor in e-commerce. The social context can be a source of providing trust or the opposite. In social commerce, trust in the seller is the major aspect then comes the trust in the marketplace.The buyer interaction through the website should create a trust, analysts describe this relationship as similar to the interpersonal interaction. Being able to view the previous purchase actions of buyers, directs the behavior of the buyers according to the perceived information (Lu, et al., 2016). It is important to reduce the perceived risk of the buyers through monitoring their purchasing performance indicators in different modes of transactions (Zheng, et al., 2015). Members intention in social commerce The shared intention among group members reflects the individual intention of the group members. It is considered a collective intention of the entire group. That is why it is considered a social value which influences the group members' behaviors.It is also considered informational value asinteraction among group members includes information sharing, which impact their attitudes and buying behavior (Sun, et al., 2016). Risk of social commerce There are different types of risks that could take place in the social commerce, including, product, channel and social related risk. The product-related risk, concerns with whether the product specifications meet the consumer expectations or fail to do this. The channel-related risk concerns with the consumer's feeling towards the online buying process, which could be positive or negative.The social-related risk concerns with the buyer attitude with regard to the opinion of his family members or friends.Accordingly, new consumers or pad experienced consumers have high perceived risk towards the social commerce. On the opposite, when the consumer is loyal, his perceived risk is low and the switching cost will be positive(Yen, 2010). Security of social commerce The vendor behavior should be security related. Securing personal and financial information is a very important issue. Security actions include, privacy control, confidentiality control, authentication control and data integrity control. The user perceived security controls his buying behavior. If the users feel safe and their personal information is protected, then confident expectation will be gained.The perceived security is highly related to trust, as the received security increases the trust increases (Choi Nazareth, 2014). Electronic word of mouth The credibility of information is important to the electronic word of mouth in the online context. If the users trust the social commerce website, it is more likely for them to spread electronic word of mouth about the company activities. High level of interaction on the social website, creates an opportunity to the electronic word of mouth behavior to spread(Shi Chow, 2015). Culture in social commerce The social media marketplace makes it easy to define the various communities and cultures. It provides a challenge to the sellers to satisfy the individuals' needs according to their culture and privacy protection. Individuals' culture may be related to high perceived risk towards financial transaction security or personal information protection through the shopping transaction process. Also, it is important for sellers to differentiate between public and private users in the online context (Gajendra Wang, 2014). Social media and brand engagement Brand engagement in social commerce is considered an effective tool for business organizations to spread worldwide. The challenge exists in the fact that social media were created to people not to spread brands. Brands are mainly speeded by electronic word of mouth. The problem is the brand engagement has no measurement either inside the organization or in the social media platform. Accordingly, it is better to organizations try to understand how brand engagement happens and attract more users to the brand. Many forms of engagement do exist, as photo sharing, blogs, videos, chat rooms and forums (Schultz Peltier, 2013). Strategies to reduce risks in social commerce Organizations should be aware that social commerce is challenging to them, as problems may occur and spread widely among users worldwide. There should be a strategy to deal with such cases of crisis to deal with them and reduces their impact. The problem may occur due to information insecurity; in this case, technical handling is necessary at the time of occurrence. It is also considered a responsibility of the consumer to protect his information in the online context; this could be done by using the latest security software and safe browsers while making online transactions (Vos, et al., 2014). The corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in improving business organizations' social commitment, including, their presence in the inline context. CSR assists in keeping the ethical standards of the organizations (Farrokhnia Keith, 2013). Social commerce provides a marketplace for users to sell their products on line.The social commerce provides a user centered environment, which creates social interaction as it motivates the users to shop together. It also, encourages organizations to provide high quality products and increase the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns. Research Methodology: Accordingly, this chapter intends to give an insight into the research approach, research tools and technique as well as research philosophy that will guide the systematic process of collecting and analysing the research data. Research Philosophy: Research philosophy is an important concept as it explains the set of beliefs underlying the research approach. While there are three distinct kinds of research philosophy- Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism, the present research project will employ the use of Interpretivism. This research philosophy has been chosen here because the ulterior aim of the research is to not merely to test the validity of any hypothesis, but to develop knowledge and gain insight into the research issue. The Interpretivism approach will help in gaining an empathetic understanding and in-depth analysis of possible advantages and potential risks of utilizing social e-commerce in business (Mackey and Gass 2015). In order to understand the opportunities and risks of outsourcing business activities, it is important to see the situation and interpret the issue through the minds of the managers of social e-commerce using organizations. Research Approach: The research approach is also an integral part of any research method, and it helps in offering an insight into the basic plans and procedures which are being used in the research process. There are primarily two different kinds of research approach which are Inductive Research Approach and Deductive research Approach. While the deductive research approach intends to test the validity of a theory, the inductive approach is concerned with the exploration of new facts and generation of new ideas (Taylor et al. 2015). Since this research does not intent to test the validity of any hypothesis, but rather simply intends to develop knowledge about the possible risks and opportunities of social e-commerce in business, inductive approach will be chosen. The inductive method will help in developing a pattern of meaning and exploring the important facts regarding the prospects and scope of application of the social e-commerce system in business. Method of Data Collection: The data collection method is the most important method in the research process, as it helps in selecting the appropriate method of collecting research information that will be analysed for deriving reliable conclusion. There are two kinds of data collection methods- qualitative data collection method and quantitative data collection method. The qualitative data collection method will be adopted for the present research, because the present research intends to uncover and explore the research topic in greater depth, and hence a more holistic understanding of the research issue is important (Flick 2015). Quantitative data collection method has been omitted here because statistical data will have no role to play here. The qualitative method will be chosen because it will help in developing an understanding of the behaviour and attitudes of the consumers, and how the same is affected by the availability of products on the social networking sites. Any kind of factual and statistical data is not required here. Hence, accordingly the data will be collected by conducting a review of the existent academic literature as well as by arranging a qualitative focus group interview with the managers of a chosen organization- SnapCap that also uses the social e-commerce platform to promote its products and attract consumer attention (Brinkmann 2014). It is important to note in this connection that there are two kinds of data that can be used in any research- the first hand data, collected by the researcher, also known as the primary data, and the second-hand data collected by other researchers and scholars in the past, that can be utilized for the present study, and is known as the secondary data. The present research employs the use of both primary as well as secondary data (Silverman 2016). Primary data will be used while collecting the data directly from the responses of the interviewees, the managers of SnapCap, while the secondary data will be collected, while reviewing the existent past research papers, academic journal publications, and business reports of companies like Yahoo and Amazon that actively exploit this social platform. Sample Size and Sampling Technique: The sampling technique is highly important in the process of conducting a research as it helps in the effective selection of suitable study participants, so that the data collected through the responses of the interviewees, can ensure validity of the findings. Since focus group interview has been selected as a data collection method, the purposeful sampling technique will be used for the research. This technique is widely used in the qualitative research methods, which involves the identification and selection of the respondents, who are likely to possess maximum knowledge and experience about a particular phenomenon (Panneerselvam 2014). Accordingly, the respondents chosen for this research are the managers of SnapCap, an emerging Australian online retail company that utilizes social media for the promotion of its products. The managers will have adequate knowledge regarding the possible opportunities and potential risks of using social networking sites in the context of e-commerce transactions. Accordingly, the sample number chosen is 10. Data Analysis Method: The qualitative data collected through review of the articles will be analysed by the interpretation of the research information available in order to understand any underlying patterns and common trends (Blumberg et al. 2014). For analysing the data collected through the interview, the conceptualization technique will be followed whereby the general and abstract data will be collected from the research, and the same will be used to explain how they help to explain the specific phenomenon under study. Reliability and Validity of the Findings: Reliability and validity are two important issues in any research. Qualitative research is often criticized for lacking the scientific rigours that makes the research authentic and reliable. In order to keep the conclusion error-free and reliable, the present research will confirm the data collected through the review of academic literature, by comparing the results and findings with the responses of the interviewees selected for the interview. Further, to reduce and eliminate research bias, the researcher will engage with other researchers as well. Research Limitation Although the research will be taken with much care, yet it may not be free from a few limitations. Accordingly, the first limitation of this research is that it is completely reliant on the use of qualitative data, and does not employ the use of quantitiave data, that can reduce the reliability and authenticity of the findings less reliable. Next, the sample size is too small (10), and hence it cannot be ensured that this small sample size will be able to represent the perspectives of the entire target population. Next, the interview questions may be formulated such that it leads to biased and influenced responses from the respondents ends. Timeline The entire research process is divided into various research activities that will be accomplished over a period of fourteen weeks. Accordingly, a Gantt chart has been provided below that will give an insight into the research activities and the estimated time to be taken in order to complete the same. Research Activity Week 0 to 2 Week 3 to 6 Week 7 to 8 Week 9 to 10 Week 14 Literature Review Conduction of Interview Data Analysis Deriving the Conclusion and Checking the Reliability of the Project Findings Completion of the Project Conclusion It is clearly evident from the above discussion that this chapter offers a detailed idea about the research methodology that will be used in order to conduct this study. With every points and sub points it has been shown with proper justification why the researcher has used that particular methodology. Reference Akman, I Mishra, A 2017, 'Factors influencing consumer intention in social commerce adoption', Information Technology People, 30(2), pp. 356-370. Barrutia, J, Paredes, M Echebarria, C 2016, 'Value co-creation in e-commerce contexts: does product type matter?', European Journal of Marketing, 50(3), pp. 442-463. Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014.Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Brinkmann, S., 2014. 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