Does the Cosby Show challenge conventional stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Does the Cosby video display ch tout ensembleenge conventional stereotypes Es affirmFrom 1984 to 1992, The Cosby march (starring comedian/actor/author flush Cosby) aired on NBC television network. In the storyline , a smutty doctor and his family (his wife and five children) lived their everyday entertaining lives. Audiences worldwide watched day by day to laugh and admire the Afri fecal matter American family at the same cartridge holder they began to ponder about the soft family and what this said about the conventional shady family to the world. Two puts ar most commonly usedthe spineless family bewilder and the strong family model, says Wynona Bryant -Williams Ph. D theater director with nonhing in between. However it was the weak family model that dominated the social sciences literature until the mid 1980s. (Williams) The Cosbys set a high standard of the perceptual constancy and spiritednessstyle of the mysterious American family. A bold message to send , this also challenged the realism of American grow and how it depicted African Americans and their households. Small- judgment of conviction author Tiffevery Frizzel had this to say To be perfectly h wizst, this generate does not show typical life for the vast majority of this nations population.There are not many white children in this nation that have a doctor and a lawyer as parents so that criticism lacks internality and social research. Cosby al ways kept the show somewhat light-hearted and sometimes shied away from some key issues of the time period, plainly keep in mind that his name was on the program and everything was written as if the characters were sometimes walking on eggshells. Apparently it was hard to accept that a black family did not have to get by or stress. Why?Even though the family still had their household disputes and their lessons to learn , the idea that this dampicular family of food color was doing so advantageously was hard to take and swall ow. For many observers, The Cosby Show was unique in new(prenominal) ways as well. For example, unlike many situation comedies, the program avoided one-liners, buffoonery and other standard tactics designed to win laughs. Instead, series writers remained true to Cosbys vision of finding humor in realistic family situations, in the minutiae of benevolent behavior.Thus episodes generally shunned typical sitcom formulas by featuring, instead, a rather loose story social structure and unpredictable pacing. Moreover, the soundtrack was sweetened with jazz, and the Huxtable home prominently featured contemporary African American art. Several observers exposit the result as classy. This project, of course, was not without its critics. Some observers described the show as a 1980s strain of Father Knows Best, the Huxtables as a white family in blackface.The Huxtables affluence, they argued, worked to obscure persistent inequalities in Americaespecially those faced by blacks and other m inority groupsand validate the myth of the American Dream. One audience study suggests that the show strikes a deal with white viewers, that it absolves them of responsibility for racial inequality in the United States in exchange for inviting the Huxtables into their sustentation room. Meanwhile, the same study found that black viewers tend to emb flow the show for its positive portrayals of blackness, but express misgivings about the Huxtables failure to regularly interact with less affluent blacks.For the black family sitting at home watching the show however it was a revelation long anticipated. This motivated and challenged families to grow side by side(predicate) together. Single, married, and divorced individuals all could view their expectations for their family and their futures based on the uplifting obvious message be sent. For the African American culture , this was an epidemic that needed to expand in the mindsets of everyone else in the world. As far as swart Ameri ca was concerned this was an illustrious thing.So what exactly is the difference between Anticipated Black America and Conventional Black America? E. Franklin Fraziers The Negro Family in the United States supplied a model for the study of Blacks which emphasized family disorganization and dysfunction ,2 describing the black familys present condition of matriarchy, ineffective black males being marginal to the family, casual sex relations, and general dissolution of the black family to be caused by urbanization and the hereditary pattern of slavery.Fraziers work was used for the basis of Moynihans conclusions that identified Black matriarchal mothers as responsible for the breakdown and pathology of Black families (who, he claimed, were responsible for high rates of illegitimacy, delinquency, and unemployment)3. On national renown search engine Yahoo. com, when the nomenclature negro and black are entered into the search bar words such as unemployment, equality, broken homes, pro portion, and black community are given up as helpful hints to further specify your search criteria.This is not to say that yahoo alone is portraying this image. nevertheless it does conclude a point that this issue should very well be recognized. The mental attitude of the black familys standards in present America are shortsighted indeed when left up to some critics. Nonetheless, Black America is continuously upgrading and rebelling in all field of education and occupation. Our prominentest and highest recognized entertainers, scholars, preachers, political figures, and moguls are filled with African American people.Many inventions are in existence today because of African Americans. A Black figure is currently running for electric chair of the country The Cosby Show does not challenge Black America as much as it motivates and sincerely disciplines the mentalities and ethics behind us. The shows head writer ,John Marcus, had this to say regarding the co-writer and star of the show Bill Cosby I think Bill knows that he has a power, and that he thinks of it very judiciously. He is conscientious and natural to the minds of people who watch the show.And he is very respectful of their intelligence, said Markus. He sees that a more properly tool in education is to entertain and engage the audience in a delicate fashion rather than to hammer home a message. We call for to educate black America, but we never want to Sermonize. (1990) It was never the intention of the show nor the writers behind it to preach about high time living to the black families of America. Yet, it was extremely obvious that there was luxury behind the hard work, and itd all came from the benefit of great education.In the series, Huxtable is a doctor married to an awfully attractive, independent minded, and intelligent woman who has become quite an a successful and well established lawyer. His five children all attend school and his children eventually all attend college following a fter their parents, but with different career motives that they each discover throughout their culture from children to young adults. The Cosby Show s family is fiction but based on a lifestyle that is meant to be lived and enjoyed by the Black families of America.With the right motivation and the desire to become educated and to fulfill their selves , anyone of any race could very well live a full life without much struggle. The Cosbys did not live without flaws and disappointments. But they dealt with it as a strong and confident family with the continuous support and love of each and every one of their family members. This is a message that needs to be spreaded more and more everyday. The Black family can better themselves if they can get together and make a change to better their mentalities and their environment as well. Following the Cosbys example the Black family can succeed.If every parent in their community taught their children how to act and teach them the life lessons that they need to succeed. Wouldnt that as a whole help the black community, one family at a time? This was the promontory asked in an online discussion about upraising of children in the black community. It begins at home. If we do not or refuse to maintain order at home, there will be none outside of our households. The Cosby Show displays for us that restrictions and rules set inside the house also better govern our black children as they are outside of the household or away from home.By laying down the law in the house, the children were not as in as much trouble as friends and classmates. This distinguished them from the other children in other families on the show as well. With rules came responsibility. According to Senior Magazine Online, as humans responsibility is given to us automatically because we are a part of society. It is also stated that It is in this area that we search to be losing our children. The main focus within the Cosby family was, without any doubt, family. The family came first.Before work, before friends, and before the person-to-person wants of any individual the entire family came together and worked together to make their home the joyous place it was. It was stressed as an importance that everyone was responsible in remembering birthdays, talking to their parents about their issues, and continuously seeing that a personal (perhaps assigned) chore was completed everyday. In conclusion, the Cosby Show is due many thanks and many praises. It stands, even today, as a landmark of hope and inspiration for the Black family.Although there are many public voices that are motivating us to push forward and challenge ourselves to complete education and a fulfilling life the Cosby Show had a powerful message that is not easily forgotten and forever appreciated. The family is the most important part of our foundation. When we look back at what helped us to grow, we should find our family.References2008 Discussion on saving the Black C ommunity. http//answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20070209125845AAYhqrg. 4 May E. Franklin Frazier (American Sociologist). The Negro Family in the United States. 1939Interview with Head-writer of The Cosby Show, John Marcus. http//www. medialit. org/reading_room/article344. html (1990) Jhally, Sut, and Justin Lewis. enlighten Racism The Cosby Show, Audiences, and the Myth of the American Dream. Boulder, Colorado Westview, 1992. Senior Magazine Online. http//www. seniormag. com/caregiverresources/articles/caregiv Tiffany Frizzel quoted , The Internet Movie Database, http//us. imdb. com April Wynona Bryant- Williams Ph. D Director , ,http//www. blackperspective. com/pages/mag_articles/sum01_blackfamily. html erarticles/parenting/taking-reponsibility. htm

Hemingway Picasso Essay Example for Free

Hemingway Picasso EssayOne of the greatest American writers Ernest Hemingway was born on 21 July 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. His pargonnts were very strict and religious, they taught him a love of nature, outdoor life, music and art. He was really good enough at English and used to write for his schools newspaper. After graduation, he didnt go to college. Instead, he went to Kansas to work for a newspaper. A little later he went to the First World War. He couldnt become a solider because of bad health. He was an ambulance driver and a war correspondent.He wrote a muss during WWI, Spanish Civil War and WWII. His most well-known books, For Whom the Bell Tolls and Farewell to Arms are about war. In spite of writing career success, he had problems in his soulfulnessal life. Hemingway married quaternary times, all his marriages failed. He suffered from depression and alcohol abuse. In the end, Hemingway killed himself with a shotgun.The greatest painter of the 20th atomic numb er 6 Pablo Picasso was born on 25 oct. 1881 in Malaga, Spain. His genius was noticed in very early age. He started drawing before he could talk. Even his first word was a Spanish word for pencil lapiz. He was mad about art.His father was an artist too, but young Pablo could draw a lot better. His paintings often shocked people with their unusual elements. He could draw a portrait of a person using only geometric shapes. He changed many ideas about art around the world.During his life he created over 6 thousand paintings, many of them are masterpieces known worldwide. Nowadays a work of him be millions of pounds. He married two times, had four children. His last child was born when he was 68. Picasso died of heart hardship in 1973

Keeping kosher in a contemporary world Essay Example for Free

memory kosher in a contemporary world EssayEvery religion found on a lower floor the face of the earth where human beings live has its practical holding. This is allowed because this practical dimension of a religion mass defines this religion, providing a bit of uniqueness hence distinguishing this religion from others. One of the aspects found in the practical dimension is the diet. Some religious like Judaism have dietary laws that govern consumption of nutrients of human that happen to be embraces of the religion.kosher if inspected as a dietary coiffe of the Judaism religion, this is the proper choices and preparation of foods as pertains to the ancient Jewish ritual and dietary regulations. Kosher is food that is con lay downed to strictly-stated Jewish biblical laws which involve not only to the cast of food consumed but to the types of food that combinable at a single meal (e. g. daily and sum total products re not miscible) alternatively, it would be rightly not ed that Kesher is food that would be considered fit for consumption as pertains to the biblical and rabbinic dietary regulations which are electively known as Kashnet (Shternshis, Anna, 2006).Kosher has its origin traced back during exodus of the Jews from Egypt after 400 years of slavery. Kosher, a basic content requirement in traced bank during exodus of the Jews from Egypt after 400 years of slavery. Kosher, a basic content requirement in kashnut is among the laws derived from the torah books of Deuteronomy and Leviticus with their details prone in the oral law. The reason for adoption of such a king of regulation s not clearly stated in the torah and accordingly there are various reasons sourced from different perspectives.These perspectives range from ritualistic and philosophical to practical and hygienic. Religions like Islam also have different but related systems like herbal. Kosher food, having firm principles and requirements depicting the value and worth of being pro perly preserved to be passed even form one generation to the other, has great attraction to many people. Whether a conservative Jew or a reform Jew there is an blab need and essence to main kosher as a dietary precise. It should be strictly vexd to on the basis that its a mater of religious obligation though modernly, this is no longer binding.The contemporary Jews have portrayed a different way of observance to dietary practices as pertains to keshnut. However, these contemporary folds of Jews maintain and follow around sections of the laws. Some subset of laws maintained by this folk are abstention from pork/shellfish, avoiding taking milk with meat as a dish. Likewise many observe some bit of kashnut on kosher at have whole no objections taking meals in a restaurant that does not observe kosher values. Another group of these contemporary Jews will strictly adhere to these dietary laws when eating out yet when at home.They would observe none On the perseverance of the kosher, t he Jewish family who the examinant members are embracing the utterly adhering to the judicial religion is divided into two major groups. These groups all reserve and admit the fact that kosher should be kept alive and burning in their culture and mean solar day to day religious norms. However the conflict arises whereby one group believes that kosher should be kelp just as it is, a whole of it and continue in practices. While the other group feels kosher should only be kept considering some specific aspects.The traditional learning function that really advocates for the perseverance and observance of the utter kosher practices does so with their main reasons being the desire to absolutely maintain this dietary practice in an authentic way with no modernizations whatsoever. Subsequently the faction advocating for the perseverance of particular parts of base their view on an opinion that there are various technological advancements hence some parts of this practice and food are made in these newly introduced and adopted forms.This faction argues that observance of kosher should be done in a non-binding way. This faction argues that observance of kosher should be done in non-binding way. This extension introduces ethical kosher as it is even patched in different part of the world. The faction therefore embraces as opinion that fitness of food is wholly dependent on how it is ethically produced especially in relation to its impact on the people and the world as a whole. This faction is for the view that sustentation of kosher is basically for the companion and contrast to other cultures on dietary basis.

English As A Second Language Program Essay Example for Free

English As A Second Language design EssayAn ESL or English as a second Language program, as the name suggests is for students or people in general who do not speak English as their first talking to and have an interest in instruction this language for certain reasons which may range from applying to a college or university in United states or elsewhere or they would want to get accustomed to this language for the resolve of conducting business overseas, for communication with peers at work or it stomach be for the simple reason of communication with people at different situations. In this article we are going to focus on ESL programs for students at a rail district, comparing and contrasting on the ways they are executed and the ways they should be executed. English as a Second Language programs for students are offered to students by either scheduling classes in between their regular course classes or they can be undertaken as a sepa ordain programs by certain individual s who are accommodated in the vicinity of the university.Today, since the ratio of international students is increasing at an alarming rate in United States or Canada, offering an ESL program is to a greater extent of a legal requirement for some districts so that wholly students are taken forward together at university or when they enroll into whizness in future. It is withal due to this very fact that a lot of emphasis is ruinn to ESL programs at elementary and middle school levels to prepare students to use English as a channel of communication in future. The execution and the effectiveness of these programs however, set off with different school districts depending upon trained teacher, the program and the dedication of the students themselves.The date and intensity of an ESL program varies with the individual or university requirement and can be full time or part time, ranging from a couple of weeks to even a year. These details as mentioned do differ, so for archetyp e the ESL program offered at the Greenwich public school which aims at providing students academic and communication skills In order for them to imitate in U.S universities as effectively as possible. The elementary school offers this program for an average 2- 4 days with one to eight hours of instruction every week depending upon the grade and language individual involve of students. The school also focuses on very small groups and emphasizes individual attention to students to better understand their weaknesses and fill I the gaps.The Greenwich macrocosm School district has been offering ESL programs for the past 28 years and has seen an influx in the shape of ESL students over the years. In the year 2004-05 approximately 731 students enrolled in the program altogether from 54 countries. The elementary school curriculum includes a variety of materials according to student needs such as work books, songs, CDs, learning of poems, class presentations etc. this program is more co ntent establish and strong emphasis is give on the reading aspect in this program. The program is organized around themes and aims at teaching slender thinking along with language skills to enable success in mainstream class rooms.In more particular terms this ESL program for elementary students includesTheme based English series which includes work books, posters etc. classify activities (theme based) which tend to explore literature along with songs, activities, TPR games etc.Miami Linguistics, which are designed for ESL beginners in a in series(p) reading manner.In Greenwich Public School, after completing the elementary school program after arrive at grade 2 or grade 3, ESL students are expected to formulate questions, read outside of class, analyse materials in a text and also contrast them. They are also able to express a story in their own words with proper understanding and expressions, write small paragraphs and initiate conversations. afterwards completing the basic E SL program for elementary school, students can decide to move out of the program or advance to higher level middle school ESL program, which has its own curriculum and particular hours to be cover aimed at developing proficiency in English language. Placement in this program is based on entry tests and educational history.After looking at the details of different ESL programs offered by various institutes, if one actually compares them with reality, one can say that ESL programs put students under a lot of stress as they try to achive excellence in a second language, therefore recreational facilities should be made affordable, also the students should be encouraged to mingle with American students in order to culturally adjust with them and pur into practice all the theories they have learnt in class. Also one of the most authoritative things which teachers for this program need to understand is that students enrolled in an ESL program come from very different backgrounds and cultur es, therefore the same methodoligies cannot be applied across the placard for teachin purposes. Students must be carefully monitered and encouraged to use their strengths to achive succcess in the course. (Currie, 2003)If one compares the ESL program offered by greemwich Public School with other ESL programs offered, we can say that most ESL programs are similar in conducting theme based activities, which can be selected by asking students what they want to say, moulding the curiculum in childrens interest.Also at this stage most ESL programs are content based, songs are also one of the important keys to success in most ESL progrms. One of the methods which can contribute towards the improvement of an ESL program at Greenwich is that revision of matrial is very important before every new leson taught, this can be best achived with the help of songs before proceeding forward. for each one lesson should be broken down into three to four parts, starting with warm up and revision of p revious material, then teaching new lesson, for example new vocabulary words etc, the third part should curb games or activities t practice the new lesson and the ending of a esson sholud be on a elated thankful note, referably a song. This approach has been teted at ther ESL program and has proved to be very succesful.Different approaches to learning can be adressed thorough ESL games, making learning lessions fun and more effective. Depending on the students theses ESl games can vary from auditorylearnig style in which games involve more listening through peoms or repitation etc. Visual ESL styles ca be used for students who are more comfortable with videos of games involving flash cards etc and finally tactile learnig styles can be used in which touch are used. (Vernon)In conclusion, if the current ESL program in a School district is evaluated in terms of the comparisons and details mentioned above, I would say that diverse approach towards the students is scatty and teachers are adopting a homogenous method towards all students. In my opinion more effort needs to be diverted in this angle where different games and teaching styles are used after analysing the capabilities of students and more emphasis should be place on practical learning.

Merger And Acquisitions Of Multinational Enterprises Economics Essay

amalgamation And Acquisitions Of Multinational Enterprises Economics EssayGrowing through MA is one and only(a) of the main ways in which MNEs seek to expand ball-shapedly. Often, however, expectations outrun reality and the difficulties of coming together two companies be underestimated. Examine a flub-border takeover or MA of your two trips choices discussing the balance between the bene reconciles it has generated and difficulties that had to be overcome. entranceGlobalisation has influenced by major changes in the traffic world over the past decade. Companies develop been probing for warring advantage in a worldwide scale. Companies argon forced to follow their customers- who be expiration global- as they respond to the competition that is worldwide in scale. Globalisation in combination with other trends such as deregulation, privatisation and corporate restructuring has spurred an unprecedented s rede in cross-border fusion and acquisition activity. The late(a) f igures in avocation cl primeval indicate that cross border mergers and acquisitions have set out a fundamental characteristic of the global ancestry landscape.Within the globalisation context, that has opened up a parvenu world of corporate opportunities, come with by increasing risks and challenges, rapid changes and volatility, M and A has been an accelerating phenomenon- a business mantra- for companies driven by the urge to survive, evolve and grow. besides the big question is whether these business mergers and acquisitions are pulling off as surface as expected or intended, through the realizations of goals, there by achieving projected/desired levels of synergism.Background of the mullThe mere process of M and A jackpotnot guarantee success. It is only a facilitator and charge merger direct slayings look enormously on how wholesome post merger opportunities are capitalized and resources are utilized.In the early 90s there was a portentous awakening in this c elestial sphere to become more(prenominal) than competitive and try opportunities on a global playing field through M and As and other strategic alliances. As a result of the liberalization measures that lessened governmental control, regulations and trade restrictions, there has been a excogitate of M and A activity in the recent past a manifestation of the corporate solvent to the greater freedom to modernize , expand and diversify. A liberal economic policy stomachd the stimulus and companionable atmosphere for companies to upgrade their technological and production capabilities (economies of scale)and improve their cost effectiveness and competency by merging with related or subsidiary units. During this period, M and As were also a signifi female genitalst method of opposed investment. The services sector, mainly the fiscal (including the banking sector) and communications services, leads this trend, with the chemical industry world the leader in the manufacturing sec tor. M and As are poised to quickly increase in the near prox as they provide acquiring companies the cutting edge amidst global competition. Beena (2004) says that the new industrial policy also brought about a shift in corporate strategies, in terms of share holding patterns, adoption of product differentiation, and so forth Studies by Khanna (1998) take that, as a consequence of withdrawing all monopoly restraints in acquisitions, several markets have become oligopolistic and reduced competition. Many of these Mergers and Acquisitions involved companies of the same business groups, aimed at increasing control levels to safeguard a forgatherst possibilities of takeover.Merger and Acquisition trends and patterns can be theoretically linked to studies of market power and reactions, access to markets or technologies, managerial ego etc(Cantwell and Santangelo,2002)There are many theories on mergers and acquisitions emerging from the studies of world(prenominal) business, industri al organization and fiscal economics, that include the category on synergy which as sum upes that the merger creates a total economic value that is greater than the sum of the values of individual firms where as the hubris theory proposes that value resulting from the merger is zero. Economic theory provides two contrastive perspectives regarding the efficiency and performance of mergers and acquisitions as corporate restructuring strategies- The value maximizing theory which proposes that corporate mergers as value -enhancing activities where managers work for shareholders wealth maximization goal of the firm(Franks and Hariss,1989) second is the managerial theory which proposes merger activities as an cite of managers own personal interests and wealth maximization prestige of managing a bigger post-merger business entity(Roll,1986) and as a platform of corporate control where managerial teams compete for the rights to manage resources(Jensen and Ruback,1983).Drivers and motives of M and As are to gain market power, reducing new product development risks, gaining access to innovative capabilities, maximizing efficiency and reshaping competitive scope.(Hitt et al.,2007) Other reasons include overcoming finance issues, that firms face due to information asymmetry (Fluck and Lynch,1999)Kumar(2009) argues that the post-merger profitability, solvency and assets derangement of acquiring companies show no receipts when compared with pre-merger figures, and hence mergers do not usually lead to improvement in the financial performance of the contractr. The results of his study show that mergers are not aimed at maximizing wealth of owners and suggest that managers should instruction on post-merger integration issues to generate synergy rather than achieving bigger corporate size, in the pursuit of hush-hush agendas.Beena(2004) emphasizes that one of the main objectives of M and A is to increase equity, which could be further leveraged to borrow resources for m odernization and up gradation.According to Vardhana (2001) the population of all firms, in a finite sample, would change since there would be new entry through merger of an free-baseed firm with an incumbent and like sassy, the merger of an incumbent would lead to its way out from the industry. This firm restructuring, a process taking place primarily through mergers, makes it difficult to assume a sample of firms that can be analysed with spacious-run data to isolate the effect of a merger. Therefore the short data for a merging firm would be more appropriate, which at the same epoch is long enough for pre- and post-merger period, so as to capture the merger effects.One bottleneck in assessing post merger performance is that the target guild ceases to exist. Hence, for a more accurate measure of the merger effect, some post merger performance studies have isolated it by adopting the model that compares performance of the merged entity with that of control groups consisting o f acquirer and target before merger and matching sample of units that did not involve in merger simply have similar size and belong to the same industry.Also, to isolate the impacts of mergers and acquisitions which are influenced by several factors living that are dynamic, a better model would have been the regression to norm frame work veritable by Mueller (1986), by which analysis of regression of profits and regression of persistence of profits to norm can be carried out comparing to the industry standard as well or the control group. This would dish up to capture the impacts of M and As, with respect to size, pre-deal profitability, size, competition etc. Other variables like commercialize power/Market share, Inventory turnover, export intensity, capacity utilization, price -cost margin etc could also have been included in the study.Kumar(2009) argues that the post-merger profitability, solvency and assets turnover of acquiring companies show no improvement when compared w ith pre-merger figures, and hence mergers do not usually lead to improvement in the financial performance of the acquirer. Overall, my opinion is that the authors have been rather vague in their conclusion and failed to establish convincingly that mergers and acquisitions have any significant positive impact on corporate performance, to a large extent beca employ of the sample limitations as well as the limitations of financial data and their interpretations. But the research root contri merelyes to the understanding of M and As in India and their relative performances, although in a limited way. It also emphasizes that synergy can be generated in the long run by optimizing resources and that the success of M and A deals depend on proper deal valuation, futuristic planning and effective management.Research similar to the one being reviewed has been conducted on mergers and that occurred close to in the same time frame, during the post liberalization period in India. But the result s do not corroborate with each other. The term merger has been broadly used beyond its skilful implications, to discuss the merging between the acquirer and the target in some acquisition cases too. However I have noticed that the samples of firms or cases of mergers taken for most of these researches were quite different as there were very few companies that were usual to all the samples (of studies conducted by different researchers on the topic), within almost the same time frame. This disparity would inevitably yield different results, that cannot be co-measured and only a trend relating to the respective samples or cases can be analysed. The possibility of self-selection bias arising cannot be ruled out, because of the selection of samples comprising survivor firms that are be during the pre-merger and post merger period under study. Also as channeliseed out earlier, results obtained using the operating performance approach, can be influenced by the limitations of financia l measures to capture the impacts of mergers and acquisitions as a whole , as well as the intrinsic limitations of the financial ratios themselves. Some of these ratios do not have a benchmark to fit all industries, capturing only quantitative factors and not the qualitative factors. Also these ratios might veer and have varying significance across different industry types. This would give a limited perspective of the impacts of mergers and acquisitions. The more scrap of parameters used, the better the perspective and the conclusion. However this brings up the issue of comparability and co-measurability between results of researches on this topic, unless all studies use the same parameters.Falkner and Pitkethly (2001) say that there is an increasingly positive approach to mergers and acquisitions than before. Earlier MA was seen as a false activity but in a flash they are welcomed by the government as well. Cosh and Hughes (1996) are skeptical about the merger activities and tal ks about the need for governments regulations over the merger and acquisitions in the fairylike of U.K. economy. They argue that everything should come under legal scrutiny.Kang and Johanson(2001) talks about the role of globalization in promoting mergers and acquisitions and how mergers and acquisitions succor companies to survive in the competitive environment. They see merger and acquisition as a positive business tactic in the competitive world. Ahmed and Glaister(2008) have done an extensive research on the topic and have pointed out the recent trends in CBMA in the U.K. They have identified the various driving forces behind the cross border merger and acquisitions in the companies in UK.BenefitsThe driving forces underlying the trend of CBMAs are complex and vary by sector. One of the most significant driving forces is technological change. In addition, changes to government policies influence CBMAs by opening up opportunities and increasing the availability of favourable ta rgets for mergers and acquisitions (MAs). Other forces are market drivers, industry-level drivers and firm-level drivers.The scale of CBMAs involving UK companies has change magnitude rapidly in recent years. The area analysis shows that European Union (EU) companies are the most significant target for UK companies followed by the USA and Canada. In terms of distribution within sectors, UK companies tend to acquire more manufacturing companies in the EU, the USA and Canada than in the Asia-Pacific region.In contrast, UK companies tend to acquire more service sector companies in the Asia-Pacific region than in the EU, the USA and Canada.ExampleOn January 30, 2007, Tata Steel, part of Indias Tata chemical group, has purchased 100% stake in the Corus Group at 608 p. per share.Acquisition Type Indian Company acquiring a foreign company.Tatas overtake the Mukesh Ambani- creed Group to become Indias largest business house by this takeover.Tatas, who have staked their century old reput ation, will sure enough leave no stone unturned in making this acquisition a success.BenefitsTriples Tata Steels capacity to almost 28m tonnes from 8.7 million.Gives it access to high- value European market.Corus has highly developed RD capabilities.DangersTatas have paid a heavy price.It now needs to service a very large debt burdenIntegration can be a problem in such acquisitions because of both distance and cultureChallenges achedFinancials will hinge on the future and the behavior of the steel pricesMuthuraman is confident about more consumption from India and China over the next 50 yearsLabor is another issue as British Union, which represents 80% of UK based workers, warned against trimming spate the labor forcePost merger integration of human resources would be a Herculean delegate as acquisition of this scale in a developed country by an Indian company has not been seen beforeCultural integration is another issue- retaining key talent and imbibing confidence in the workfo rceThe merger may take 5-6 years to realize its full potentials. But these will sure as shooting a trend-setter as to what will happen, not just in the Indian steel industry, but across all sectors.DiscussionThe evidence can be found from many sources like journals and articles that point out the recent trends in Cross border merger and acquisitions. A sneak peek into the business world also reveals the relevance and importance of CBMA s in the new global economy. There are many examples that can be analysed to show the recent trends in CBMA s.An in depth study into the recent trends in CBMA reveal that presently, companies in UK are in the forefront of CBMA s both in the case of value of Mergers and Acquisitions and the numbers. CBMA s occurred between manufacturing companies in the US and EU, while in the Asia peaceful region, the service sector companies merged with the UK companies.These are all evidences for recent trends in cross border merger and acquisitions.ConclusionComp anies are expanding beyond their domestic markets to be a part of the global market place. In doing so, companies can choose to export, establish new operations or acquire existing companies. CBMAs are now a common activity among the companies. UK companies are in the forefront of CBMA s in both the numbers of MA s and their values. Between 1996 and 2005, UK companies acquired 7,026 foreign companies. In terms of value, UK companies acquired 520 billion worth of foreign companies over the period. The area wise analysis reveals that EU companies are the most significant target for UK companies followed by the USA and Canada while Asia Pacific region also showing an increase in CBMAs. In terms of sector distribution, UK companies tend to acquire more manufacturing companies in EU, USA and Canada and more service sector companies in the Asia pacific region. High engineering science and Industrials are the most active industrial sector groupings in the EU, USA and Canada while financi al sector was the most active industrial sector in the Asia-pacific region. In short, we can say that while UK companies acquired EU and USA technology over the last decade, financial services were also acquired by UK companies in the Asia pacific region.The driving forces behind CBMAs can be grouped into factors at the macro-economic, market, industry and firm-level as well as technological and government-related factors. Technological change acts both as a pull and push factor it promotes international expansion by reducing communication and transport costs it creates new business and markets by rapidly changing market conditions or by increasing the costs of RD. The speed of technological development on with the technical competence and market knowledge, flexibility and ability to innovate are increasingly promoting the CBMAs. Companies are meddling for partners from whom these tangible assets can be obtained. Government policies including liberalization, privatization and regu latory reforms influence CBMA s by opening up opportunities and increasing the availability of favourable MA targets.Economic fluctuations like recession or boom can also affect the level of global MA activity and its regional focus. Growth prospects, market grammatical construction and competition in the market promote CBMA. Slow growth, over-capacity and increased competition in global markets typically drive industrial restructuring and often make MAs preferable to Greenfield investments.This report tried to analyze the recent trends in CBMAs in U.K. To conclude, it can be said that CBMAs by UK companies are increasing by time and more and more companies are becoming aware of the benefits of CBMA. There is a need for a well think strategy among these companies and that can lead to cost effective CBMA s leading to the benefit of the economy.

How To Make Macys More Competitive Business Essay

How To Make Macys More Competitive Business EssayA larger chunk of the rack up toyforce is at Macys are categorized as employees who are bedight managers, supervisors, cashiers, handlers, and sales associates at Macys retail stores. We have found that this category of employees have a really high employee turnover pose. There are several repercussions associated with a high turnover rate. If the turnover rate is high, the employees become demoralized in their work duties which results in inadequate efficiency. Although, the high turnover is found amongst the lower level stave plainly lock a track in that location is a humungous toll associated with turnover. The cost to recruit, select, and train new employees often exceed 100% of the annual salary of the position being filled (Allen, Bryant, Vardaman, 2010).Based on the exit interviews conducted by the management, it is found that just about of the turnover is voluntary and admitlable turnover. Voluntary turnover is wh en employees leave the company by their own pickax whereas controllable turnover is when employees decide to leave for closes that are influenced by the employer. Therefore, it is evident that the high turnover rate has resulted due to lack of managerial usefulness. Macys employs a diverse men of more than 167,000 employees because of which it is difficult to have a flat hierarchical structure. As a result the communication between lower level staff and high level staff is al just about non-existent. Therefore, it is important for us to restructure the way we recruit our workforce especially for the positions that require managerial activities.The HR department along with the quislingism with the department of IT, Marketing, Finance, and Operations has recognise that there is a need for an urgent dodging to reduce employee turnover because reducing this ratio is matchless of the ways to maintain Macys competitive again. The strategy leave be dual phased. The scratch line phase of the strategy forget focus on how to effectively recruit individuals for managerial positions in the stores. For this pre-employment foot raceing will be introduced in to the workplace which will test the managerial skills of the selected candidates for those positions. The first phase will also populate of conducting employee surveys every six months which will focus on employees pure toneings and attitudes about their jobs and the organization. The second phase of the strategy will be the creation of a web log with collaboration with the IT department. The blog will give a weapons platform for the employees at all levels of management to communicate with each other and discuss their problems, job duties, problems at the workplace, and how they feel about the organization.The strategy to reduce turnover and increase Macys competiveness will be discussed further in item in the Strategy Formulation and Strategy Implementation Phase.Macys employee turnover rate is 3.72 6% compared to an industry average of 3.1%. It is computed by dividing the number of employees in the beginning of the social class (167,000) by the number of employees remaining at the end of the year (161,000). The resultant figure (1.03726) is then subtracted from one (0.03726) and multiplied by a hundred (3.726%) to determine the employee turnover in terms of percentage (Department of Labor, 2010).Although, the employee turnover rate is very close to the industry average, a low-toned difference in the percentages could translate into a significant monetary amount. The cost of turnover is usually the cost to find, interview, train, and equip a new hire. Research shows that a minimum of $1,500 per employee is the cost of a turnover. While $1,500 whitethorn not be a huge amount of money for a store to mete out that cost. Macys Inc. has a net profit margin of only 1.49% which means that the company has to sell million dollars worth of items to cover that cost (Wolfe, 2010).Since most of the workforce at Macys comprises of lower management staff such as floor managers, cashiers, supervisors, handlers, and sales associates, it is important to lower the employee turnover rate because otherwise the employees will become demoralized in their work duties which eventually results in decreased efficiency. In order to make Macys more competitive there are a number of strategies that need to be pursued specifically by the Human Resources department. The strategy consists of developing an internal blog for better communication, conducting exit interviews for valuable feedback, and hiring managers and supervisors effectively and efficiently.The reason to develop a blog is to give the lower management a platform where they can communicate freely with the stop number management. This will not only result in increased communication between the two but also, a relationship between the two will be developed. In this blog, the employees will have improperness to write, com ment, and share anything they would want coworkers and upper management to consider. This could be complaints, recommendations, opinions, workplace ethics, job duties, or job descriptions.The reason to conduct exit interviews is to primarily get feedback from departing employees. Secondly, it gives the management an opportunity to retain the employee so as to submerge the cost of recruiting a new employee. The departing employees could be given a questionnaire which highlights job duties, management, job variety, work environment. This way the management can review the recommendation and opinion given by the departing employee and take infallible actions.in effect recruiting managers and supervisors is also related to the high employee turnover rate. It is evident that the current managers were not effectively recruited because they lack the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively manage and supervise a team of employees. During the hiring process, the HR departm ent can develop a questionnaire which shall test the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the candidates and determine if they have the key competencies to over achieve their job duties.In order to make Macys more competitive, the HR department has developed a three phased strategy. The first phase of the strategy deals with effective recruiting of managers and supervisors. This will require a development of new hiring techniques such as the use of latest scientific instruments to filter the best candidates from job postings. Furthermore, online testing and questionnaires will be developed so as to test and hire the most competent candidate.The second phase of the strategy deals with conducting exit interviews from the departing employees. This will require the HR representative to take notes while interviewing the departing employee because his/her comments, recommendations, and opinions will help in improving working conditions and retaining employees. Sometimes, these interviews could save a company from being sued as some employees depart and later sue the company for reasons they were never apprised of. The notes that the HR representative takes can become useful in the courtroom. Furthermore, in collaboration with the IT department, this phase will require a creation of a database to store and manage the feedback received from the questionnaires and interview.Phase three is the most important part of the strategy which is the creation of a blog which will be formed with collaboration from the IT department. The costs associated with creating the blog are negligible except the cost of time. Usually, the cost to create a blog is around $100 which includes a domain name, unlimited uploads and downloads, and unlimited backup of data uploaded on to fix servers.Effective recruiting, creation of a blog, and conducting exit interviews will serve as the basis to evaluate and control the high employee turnover. It can also be evaluated by checking the employee t urnover rates at the end of first quarter of the year 2011. A low employee turnover would mean more cost savings from the HR department which could eventually be used to for higher profits and higher dividends to stockholders. Additionally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy, the HR department will have to collaborate once again with the IT department to develop a database of the departing and done for(p) employees. The reason for doing that would be, as these employees would be already trained and already knowledgeable about the company, it could help clip recruiting costs for the company.

Reflective Essay on Empowering Healthcare Professionals

Reflective prove on Empowering healthcare ProfessionalsThis reflective account is going to explore a lecture that has changed my perception since the dismay of the nursing programme. I have chosen Gibbs (1998) reflective model to explore what I have learned, what my thoughts were originally the lecture and changes. Therefore, to demonstrate an awareness of my learning come forwardcome. I would also be covering how this has helped me to develop an judgement on what to do during my practical placement.The NMC code 2015 outlined standards and core harbors nurses must follow, therefore, our lectures focused well-nigh these to empower healthcare professionals to adapt to and deliver a character service. The lecture I would be exploring emphatic on haughtiness, importance of arrogance and how to encourage it. On a personal account, I thought I had a broad understanding of how to promote patients dignity. Nevertheless, later three hours of lesson on the subject, I have complete that there is a lot more than to it. lordliness is a broad topic when properly studied. Dignity is a powerful tool that can determine a persons life and relationship with others suggested by Hinks, D. 2013. The numbers what do you see? RCN, 2017, demonstrates the power of dignity. The poem represents a woman who is beseeching to be seen for who she is, not an aging woman but someone who had lived a full life with feelings and emotions reinforcing the value of providing person centred care (RCN,2017).My feelings throughout the lesson changed considerably, leaving me to desire more of the lesson. Matti and Baillie (2011) proposed dignity as our innate value, merit and worthy as homo beings. To this end, the lecturer emphasized on respect fashioning it clear that respecting people and making them feel worth is not just about caring for them, rather, it takes into consideration the whole process of how we approach and visually demonstrating dignity to the patients. I found that the NMC code (2015), stressed that as nurses, we have a duty of care to chance upon out for the physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual needs of our patients. So, give a holistic care by taking into consideration the individual as a whole. Hence, we need to prioritize patients care and dedicate time to them by preserving and promoting dignity through effective communication and supportive relationships. Emphasizing on these, it incorporated within me a sense of awkwardness and to realise how significant it is for me as a person to be valued. Following the metrical composition What do you see? (RCN, 2017) I understood how patients are treated inhumanely. I felt like it is more dangerous to ignore patients emotion as this may have a huge impact on their personality It made me apprehended that, as a student nurse my responsibility is to work as part of a safeguarding team to raise concerns when I come across things that endanger patients worth and value according to the Local Government Association (2012). I found social care Act 2012 and CQC (2016) reinforcing on the link between dignity, quality and safeguarding indicating that the nurses, however, were not promoting dignity and therefore do not portray a good quality service so safeguarding is likely to decrease.The lecturer, also, underpinned the importance of personal appearance which connects to the concept of dignity because of the way uniform exacts nurses feel and behave and how their appearance has an impact on patients supported by Chochinovs (2007) ABCD fabric (attitude, behaviour, compassion and dialogue) which reinforces essential things nurses need to be aware of when delivering care.Subsequently, this lesson appeared to pose more challenges. I felt extremely challenged to question and evaluate on the type of staff I might be. I was challenged to think otherwise following Chochinovs (2007) self-awareness tool which got me thinking about if I would be able to provide a qualit y service to my patients while trying to promote dignity and what challenges I might face when dealing with safeguarding issues. However, after reflecting on myself and considering my attitude, behaviour, how I show empathy and compassion through communication, I felt confident to go out there and to demonstrate what I have learned with patients. I now feel like I am competent enough to fully and independently care for a person thus expression a supportive relationship with them (Chochinovs 2007). Furthermore, this lecture helped me to comprehend the impact we as nurses can have on a patient as a person.In conclusion, dignity is how people feel, think and behave in relation to their worth or value. To treat someone with dignity is to show them as being worth and valued in a way that is exalt their diversity. Dignity may be endorsed or bring down by the physical setting, structural principles, approaches and conduct of others. When dignity is present, people feel in control, relaxe d and able to make decisions for themselves, whereas when it is absent people feel devalued and lack control. Therefore, in my placement, I would do all the required things to ensure the value and worth of my patients, thus considering an approachable method of communication and rapport by making them feel at ease. Also, using person-centred care and empathy (RCN 2016).ReferencesCARE QUALITY COMMISSION (CQC). 2010. Essential standards of quality and safety. capital of the United Kingdom HMSO.Chochinov (2007). Preserving patients dignity lends value to end of life AHC Media https//www.ahcmedia.com/articles/106003-preserving-patients-dignity-lends-value-to-end-of-life (accessed 24/02/17)Gibbs (1988) Reflective cycle. Available at https//hhs.hud.ac.uk/lqsu/Sessionsforall/supp/Gibbs%201988%20reflective%20cycle.pdf (Accessed 24/02/17)Hick, D. (2013) What Is the genuinely Meaning of Dignity? Psychology today. Available at https//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dignity/201304/what-is-the-re al-meaning-dignity-0 (Accessed 27/02/17)LGA (2012) Dignity, quality and safeguarding large Establishing Local Health Watch Health. Available at http//www.local.gov.uk/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=d0235875-2da8-4a5c-a655-2f3600663f5dgroupId=10180 (Accessed 24/02/17)MATITI, M.R. and BAILLIE, L., eds., 2011. Dignity in Healthcare a practical approach for nurses and midwives. capital of the United Kingdom Radcliffe.NURSING MIDWIFERY COUNCIL (NMC). 2015. The code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMCRCN (2017) Dignity and me Available at https//www2.rcn.org.uk/development/practice/cpd_online_learning/dignity_in_health_care/dignity_and_me (Accessed 24/04/15)